نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی - پژوهشی

نویسنده

استادیار گروه آموزش روانشناسی و مشاوره دانشگاه فرهنگیان، تهران

چکیده

چکیده
هدف این مطالعه شناسایی مؤلفه‌های اثربخش بر نگرش مدیران و معلمان از وظایف و جایگاه شغلی و تبیین اهمیت آن در مشاوران مدارس بود. روش تحقیق در این پژوهش توصیفی از نوع مرور نظام‌مند بود. جامعۀ آماری شامل مطالعات فارسی و انگلیسی منتشر شدۀ مرتبط در 8 سال اخیر بود که از طریق جستجو در پایگاه‌های اطلاعاتی انتخاب شدند. پس از غربالگری گزارشها با استفاده از سایت کتچی، تعداد 240 مقاله خارجی و 23 مقاله داخلی انتخاب شدند. این گزارشها به روش‌های پیمایشی، آزمایشی، پدیدارشناسی، همبستگی و داده بنیان انجام شده بود. در این مطالعه، 26 مقاله مطابق با معیارهای ورود وارد مرور نهایی شدند و مؤلفه‌های اثربخش مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. نتایج نشان داد سه دسته مؤلفه، شامل مؤلفه‌های مرتبط با مدرسه و جامعه، مدیران و معلمان و مؤلفه‌های مرتبط با مشاوران در این زمینه مؤثرند. نتایج این مطالعه، بیانگر کمبود میزان آگاهی مدیران و معلمان از وظایف و جایگاه شغلی مشاوران به عنوان مهمترین مؤلفۀ اثربخش بر نگرش‌های متناقض آنها در ارتباط با مشاوران مدارس بود. بر این اساس، بهترین روش برای حل این مسئله تشکیل یک شورای مشاوره در هر مدرسه، متشکل از مدیر، معلمان و مشاور مدرسه است. این شورا می‌تواند زمینۀ استحکام جایگاه شغلی و وظایف مشاوران مدارس را فراهم نموده و فرایند تحقق اهداف آموزش و پرورش را تسهیل کند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effective Components on the Attitudes of School Principals and Teachers about the Job Position and Duties of School Counselors: A Systematic Review

نویسنده [English]

  • Bahram Maleki

Department of Psychology and Counselling, Farhangian University, P.O. Box 14665-889, Tehran, Iran

چکیده [English]

Abstract:
Aim: This study aimed to identify the effective components on the attitudes of school principals and teachers about the job position and duties of school counselors and to explain their importance. Method: The research method was descriptive and systematic review type. The statistical population included relevant Persian and English studies published in the last 8 years, which were selected through searching in databases. After screening the reports, 240 foreign and 23 internal articles were selected with Catchii site. These reports were conducted in the form of survey, experimental, phenomenological, correlational, and grounded theory methods. Results: In this study, 26 articles were included in the final review according to the inclusion criteria and the effective components were examined. The results showed that three categories of components, including components related to schools and society, Principals and teachers, and components related to counselors, are effective in this context. Conclusion: The results of this study indicated a lack of awareness among principals and teachers about the job position and duties of counselors as the most effective components in their contradictory attitudes about counselors. This council can provide the basis for strengthening the job position and duties of counselors and facilitate the process of realizing the goals of education.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Job Duties
  • Job Position
  • Principal & Teachers Attitudes
ابراهیمی، لقمان.، فرح‌بخش، کیومرث.، اسمعیلی، معصومه.، و سلیمی بجستانی، حسین. (1394). الگوی توانمندسازی مشاوران مدرسه، مشاوره کاربردی، 5(1)، 22-1. doi: 10.22055/jac.2016.12586
ابراهیمی، لقمان.، فرح‌بخش، کیومرث.، اسمعیلی، معصومه.، و سلیمی بجستانی، حسین. (1394). چالش‌های فعالیت‌های روانشناسی و مشاوره در مدارس: پژوهش کیفی، تحقیقات کیفی در علوم سلامت، 4(2)، 177-166.
اشرفی فشی، سکینه.، عبدالهی، بیژن.، وگودینی، فاطمه. (1396). درک مدیران، معلمان و مشاوران از نقش و وظایف مشاوران مدارس (مطالعه موردی: مدارس شهر نورآباد)، نشریه پژوهش‌های تربیتی، 4(34)، 17-1. http://erj.khu.ac.ir/article-1-147-fa.html
حق‌شناس، سارا.، و الوالمعالی الحسینی، خدیجه. (1401). طراحی الگوی مفهومی تبیین موفقیت شغلی مشاوران مدارس، فرهنگ مشاوره و روان‌درمانی، 13(49)، 94-77. https://doi.org/10.22054/qccpc.2021.62017.2738
فولادی، عزت‌الله. (1395). واکاوی سیر تحول و چالش‌های مشاوره در آموزش‌وپرورش، پژوهش‌های مشاوره، 15(57)، 150-121. http://irancounseling.ir /journal/article-1-164-fa.html
فولادی، عزت‌الله.، تاجیک اسمعیلی، عزیزالله.، کسایی اصفهانی؛ عبدالرحیم.، و زهراکار، کیانوش. (1400). جایگاه راهنمایی و مشاوره در اسناد تحولی: مطالعه کیفی، روانشناسی فرهنگی، 4(2)، 133-112. https://doi.org/10.30487/jcp.2020.119999
مدنی، یدالله.، و قنواتی، رحیم. (1398). دیدگاه مشاوران مدرسه نسبت به وظایف حرفه‌ای خود: مطالعۀ پدیدار شناختی موانع و فرصت‌ها. ] پایان‌نامه، دانشگاه تهران[.
وجدانی همت، مهدی.، و کلانتر هرمزی، آتوسا. (1400). بررسی ادراک مشاوران مدرسه از نقش حرفه‌ای‌شان، مشاوره کاربردی، 11(2)، 136-105. https://doi.org/ 10.22055/jac.2021.38252.1824
هاشم مطوری، حمید.، عابدی، محمدرضا.، نیلفروشان، پریسا. (1399). معنای شغلی و بهزیستی ذهنی: نقش میانجیگری رضایت شغلی، پژوهش‌های مشاوره، 19(73)، 169-145. http://dx.doi.org/10.29252/jcr.19.73.145
References
ASCA. (2019). ASCA National model: A framework for school counseling programs (4th ed.). American School Counselor Association. https://schoolcounselor.org/About-School-Counseling/ASCA-National-Model-for-School-Counseling-Programs
Ashrafi, S., Abdollahi, B., & Qoudini, F. (2017). Principals’, counselors’, and teachers’ understanding of the role and tasks of school counselors (Case Study: Norabad City). Educational Research, 4(34), 1-17. http://erj.khu.ac.ir/article-1-147-fa.html [in Persian]
Blake, M. K. (2020). Other duties as assigned: The ambiguous role of the high school counselor. Sociology of Education, 93(4), 315–330. https://doi.org/10.1177/0038040720932563
Boland, A., Dickson, R., & Cherry, G. (2017). Doing a systematic review: A student’s guide. Sage Publications.
Cholewa, B., Goodman-Scott, E., Thomas, A., & Cook, J. (2016). Teachers’ perceptions and experiences consulting with school counselors: A qualitative study. Professional School Counseling, 20(1), 1096-2409. https://doi.org/10.5330/1096-2409-20.1.77
Cinotti, D., Feirsen, R., Dahir, C. A., & Kim, N. (2022). Leveraging state policy to promote school counselor–principal collaboration. Professional School Counseling, 26(1c). https://doi.org/10.1177/2156759X221134662
Dahir, C., & Geesa, R. L. (2022). Introduction to the special issue: Creating social capital through school counselor-principal collaboration. Professional School Counseling, 26(1c). https://doi.org/10.1177/2156759X221134660
Dahir, C., Cinotti, D., & Bulletin. (2019). Beyond compliance: Assessing administrators’ commitment to comprehensive school counseling. NASSP Bulletin, 103(2), 118–138. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192636519830769
Davis, L., Harward, K., & Yazzie, A. (2023). Counselor–teacher collaboration in multilingual learner contexts: A qualitative case study investigating counselor–teacher partnerships. Professional School Counseling, 27(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/2156759X231177624
Ebrahimi, L., & Ebrahimi, L. (2016). School counselors empowerment model: A qualitative study. Biannual Journal of Applied Counseling, 5(1), 1-22. https://doi.org/10.22055/jac.2016.12586 [in Persian]
Ebrahimi, L., Farahbakhsh, K., Esmaaili, M., & Salimi Bejestani, H. (2015). Challenges of psychology and counseling activities in schools: A qualitative study. Journal of Qualitative Research in Health Sciences, 4(2), 166-177. [in Persian]
Ellington, B., Dunbar, A., & Wachter-Morris, C. (2023). Elevating and expanding school counselors’ roles and voices in the prevention of school violence. Professional School Counseling, 27(1), 21-39. https://doi.org/10.1177/2156759X221150003
Fooladi, E. (2016). Recognition of the evolution and counseling challenges in education. Counseling Research, 15(57), 121-150. http://irancounseling.ir/journal/article-1-164-fa.html [in Persian]
Fooladi, E., Tajikesmaeil, A., Kasaei, A., & Zahrakar, K. (2021). The position of guidance and counseling in evolutionary documents: A qualitative study. Cultural Psychology, 4(2), 112-133. https://doi.org/10.30487/jcp.2020.119999 [in Persian]
Geesa, R. L., Elam, N. P., Mayes, R. D., McConnell, K. R., & McDonald, K. M. (2019). School leaders’ perceptions on comprehensive school counseling (CSC) evaluation processes: Adherence and implementation of the American School Counselor Association (ASCA) National Model. Journal of Educational Leadership, Policy, and Practice, 34(1), 25–43. https://doi.org/10.21307/jelpp-2019-002
Haghshenas, S., & Abolmaali Alhoseini, K. (2022). Designing a conceptual model to explain the job success of school counselors. Counseling Culture and Psychotherapy, 13(49), 77-94. https://doi.org/10.22054/qccpc.2021.62017.2738 [in Persian]
Hashem, M. H., Abedi, M., & Nilfrooshan, P. (2020). Work’s meaning and subjective well-being: The mediating role of job satisfaction. Counseling Research, 19(73), 145-169. http://dx.doi.org/10.29252/jcr.19.73.145 [in Persian]
Higgins, J. P., & Green, S. (Eds.). (2008). Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions. Wiley-Blackwell.
Jordan, C. (2022). Developing productive school counselor–principal partnerships. Professional School Counseling, 26(1c). https://doi.org/10.1177/2156759X221134669
Karatas, K., & Kaya, I. (2015). An investigation of the perceptions of school administrators towards the roles and duties of school counselors. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, 61, 181-198. http://dx.doi.org/10.14689/ejer.2015.61.10
Kearney, C., Akos, P., Domina, T., & Young, Z. (2021). Student-to-school counselor ratios: A meta-analytic review of the evidence. Journal of Counseling and Development, 99(4), 418–428. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcad.12394
Khansa, R. (2015). Teachers’ perceptions toward school counselors in selected private schools in Lebanon. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 185, 381–387. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.03.411
Lane, J. J., Bohner, G. L., Hinck, A. M., & Kircher, R. L. (2020). Current administrative perceptions of school counselors: Kansas administrators’ perceptions of school counselor duties. Journal of School Counseling, 18(2), 1-26. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1241840
Lawrence, A., & Stone, C. (2019). Principals’ perceptions of transformed school counselors. NASSP Bulletin, 103(2), 139-157. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192636519853029
Lewis, T., Jones, K. D., Militello, M., & Meisenhelder, R. (2020). A clear and consistent focus on students: Principals’ perceptions of the role of school counselors. Journal of School Leadership, 32(1), 3-26. https://doi.org/10.1177/1052684620972067
Limberg, D., Starrett, A., Ohrt, J. H., Irvin, M. J., Lotter, C., & Roy, G. J. (2023). School counselor and teacher collaboration to enhance students’ career development using project-based learning. Professional School Counseling, 24(1_part_3). https://doi.org/10.1177/2156759X211011908
Low, P. K. (2015). School counseling in Singapore: Teachers’ thoughts and perceptions. Asia Pacific Journal of Counseling and Psychotherapy, 6(1–2), 17–27. https://doi.org/10.1080/21507686.2014.1002801
Lowery, K., Boyland, L. G., Geesa, R. L., Kim, J., Quick, M. M., & McDonald, K. M. (2020). Principal and school counselor collaboration toward more socially just schools. In Handbook on promoting social justice in education (pp. 455-480). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-14625-2_145
Lowery, K., Quick, M., Boyland, L., Geesa, R. L., & Mayes, R. D. (2018). It wasn’t mentioned and should have been: Principals’ preparation to support comprehensive school counseling. Journal of Organizational and Educational Leadership, 3(2), 1-30. https://digitalcommons.gardner-webb.edu/joel
Madani, Y., & Kanavati, R. (2018). The perspective of school counselors towards their professional duties: A phenomenological study of obstacles and opportunities. [Thesis, University of Tehran]. [in Persian]
McConnell, K. R., & Geesa, R. (2020). Improving school counselor efficacy through principal-counselor collaboration: A comprehensive literature review. Mid-Western Educational Researcher, 32(2), 133–155. https://www.mwera.org/MWER/volumes/v32/issue2/V32n2-McConnell-FEATURE-ARTICLE.pdf
Oehrtman, J. P., & Dollarhide, C. T. (2022). Social justice, social capital, and micropolitics: Improving social justice through school counselor–principal collaboration. Professional School Counseling, 26(1c). https://doi.org/10.1177/2156759X221134667
Öztabak, M. Ü. (2018). Examination of the perceptions on the view of preschool teachers about school counselors. Journal of Education and Training Studies, 6(6), 13–24. https://doi.org/10.11114/jets.v6i6.2682
Patton, D. M. (2019). Predictive relationships between school counselor role ambiguity, role diffusion, and job satisfaction (Doctoral dissertation, Walden University).
Remley, T. P., & Herlihy, B. (2014). Ethical, legal, and professional issues in counseling (6th ed.). Pearson.
Ruiz, M., Peters, M. L., & Sawyer, C. (2018). Principals’ and counselors’ lens of the school counselor’s role. Journal of Professional Counseling: Practice, Theory & Research, 45(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1080/15566382.2019.1569321
Unger, D. L., Rainey, S., & Anderson, H. R. (2021). Professional school counselor and principal recognition of appropriate and inappropriate activities. Journal of School Counseling, 19(13), 1-21. https://jsc.montana.edu/articles/v19n3.pdf
Villares, E., Brigman, G., Webb, L., Carey, J., & Harrington, K. (2021). A randomized control trial of elementary teachers’ perceptions of school counselor impact. Counseling Outcome Research and Evaluation, 12(2), 105–116. https://doi.org/10.1080/21501378.2020.1788929
Vojdani Hemmat, M., & Kalantar Hormozi, A. (2022). Study of school counselors’ perceptions on their professional role. Biannual Journal of Applied Counseling, 11(2), 105-136. https://doi.org/10.22055/jac.2021.38252.1824 [in Persian]
Waalkes, P. L., DeCino, D. A., Haugen, J. S., & Dalbey, A. (2019). The relationship between job roles and gender on principal–school counselor relationship quality. Professional School Counseling, 22(1), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1177/2156759X19861105
Xiong, Q., Fang, X., Wu, Y., Chen, H., Hu, W., & Zhang, Y. (2021). Guidance and counseling relations to high school students’ positive development and psychopathology: A non-recursive modeling study. Current Psychology, 22(2), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-021-01722-7
Yavuz, O., Cayirdag, N., Dahir, C., & Gümüşeli, A. İ. (2017). Improving student achievement through strengthening principal and school counselor partnership. International Journal of Educational Reform, 26(2), 176–201. https://doi.org/10.1177/105678791702600205
Yavuz, O., Dahir, C., & Gümüşeli, A. I. (2019). School principal perceptions of the school counselor’s role: Traditional or transformed? Journal of Educational Leadership, Policy and Practice, 32(2), 81-97. https://doi.org/10.21307/jelpp-2017-0021