فرهنگ مشاوره و روان درمانی

شماره جاری

بر اساس شماره‌های نشریه

بر اساس نویسندگان

بر اساس موضوعات

نمایه نویسندگان

نمایه کلیدواژه ها

درباره نشریه

اهداف و چشم انداز

اعضای هیات تحریریه

اصول اخلاقی انتشار مقاله

بانک ها و نمایه نامه ها

پیوندهای مفید

پرسش‌های متداول

فرایند پذیرش مقالات

اطلاعات آماری نشریه

اخبار و اعلانات

مقایسه کمال گرایی، استحکام من، خشم و نشخوار خشم در بیماران مبتلا به اختلال افسردگی اساسی و وسواس فکری- عملی

نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استاد روان شناسی دانشگاه تهران

2 کارشناسی ارشد دانشگاه تهران

3 دانشیار روان شناسی دانشگاه تهران

چکیده

پژوهش حاضر با هدف مقایسه کمال گرایی، استحکام من، خشم و نشخوار خشم در بیماران مبتلا به افسردگی اساسی و وسواس فکری- عملی انجام شد. تعداد 60 نفر (39 بیمار افسرده، 21 بیمار وسواسی) به مقیاس کمال گرایی چند بعدی تهران (TMPS)، مقیاس استحکام من (ESS)، مقیاس خشم چند بعدی تهران (TMAI) و مقیاس نشخوار خشم (ARS) پاسخ دادند. روش پژوهش علی- مقایسه ای و جامعه آماری تمام بیماران مبتلا به اختلال افسردگی اساسی و اختلال وسواس فکری- عملی مراجعه کننده به کلینیک های خصوصی شهر تهران بودند. برای تحلیل داده های پژوهش، از شاخص ها و روش های آماری مانند درصد، فراوانی، میانگین، انحراف استاندارد، تحلیل واریانس چند متغیری و آزمون t مستقل استفاده شد. یافته ها نشان داد که ابعاد کمال گرایی در اختلال افسردگی و وسواس فکری- عملی دارای تفاوت معنادار هستند؛ در بعد کمال گرایی خودمحور و دیگرمحور نمرات بیماران مبتلا به وسواس از بیماران افسرده بالاتر بود، در بعد کمال گرایی جامعه محور بیماران افسرده نمره بالاتری کسب نمودند. استحکام من دو گروه تفاوت معناداری نداشت. در خصوص خشم، نتایج حاکی از آن بود که خشم درونی بیماران مبتلا به افسردگی بالاتر از بیماران مبتلا به وسواس بود. نتایج همچنین نشان داد که نمره نشخوار خشم بیماران افسرده بیشتر از بیماران مبتلا به وسواس بود. بر اساس یافته های این پژوهش می توان همبودی دو اختلال افسردگی و وسواس فکری- عملی را بر اساس مبانی آسیب شناختی مشترک تبیین نمود؛ در عین حال، مبانی آسیب شناختی متفاوت تمایز دو اختلال را توجیه می کنند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Comparison of perfectionism, ego strength, anger, and anger rumination in individuals with major depression and obsessive-compulsive disorder

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohammad Ali Besharat 1
  • Maryam Taheri 2
  • Masoud Gholamali LAvasani 3

1 University of Tehran

2 University of Tehran

3 University of Tehran

چکیده [English]

The main objective of the present study was to compare perfectionism, ego strength, anger, and anger rumination in individuals with major depression (MDD) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Tehran Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (TMPS), Ego Strength Scale (ESS), Tehran Multidimensional Anger Inventory (TMAI), and Anger Rumination Scale (ARS) were completed by 60 patients (39 patients with major depression disorder, 21 patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder). Method of the present descriptive study was causal-comparative and statistical society included all major depressive disordered and obsessive-compulsive disordered patients refering to private clinics in Tehran during the year 1394. Analysis of the data involved both descriptive and inferential statistics including means, standard deviations, correlation coefficient, MANOVA, and independent t-test. The results demonstrated that dimensions of perfectionism were different in MDD and OCD: while self-oriented perfectionism and other-oriented perfectionism were elevated in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder sample, socially-prescribed perfectionism was elevated in major depression disorder sample. The results revealed no difference between the two groups in ego strength. Ager-in was elevated in major depression disorder sample, and there was no significant difference in other dimensions among the two groups. The results indicated that individuals with MDD showed more level of anger rumination than individuals with OCD. According to the results of the present study it can be concluded that comorbidity of MDD and OCD can be clarified through the common bases of psychopathology, meanwhile different principals of psychopathology justify distinction between the two disorders.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • perfectionism
  • ego strength
  • anger
  • anger rumination
مراجع
بشارت، محمدعلی (1386الف). ساخت و اعتبار یابی مقیاس کمال گرایی چند بعدی تهران. پژوهش‌های روانشناختی، 19، 67-49.
بشارت، محمدعلی (1386ب). بررسی ویژگی‌های روانسنجی مقیاس استحکام من. گزارش پژوهشی، دانشگاه تهران.
بشارت، محمدعلی (1387). ساخت و هنجاریابی مقیاس خشم چند بعدی تهران. گزارش پژوهشی، دانشگاه تهران.
بشارت، محمدعلی (1388). پایایی و روایی فرم 28 سولی مقیاس سلامت روانی در جمعیت ایرانی. مجله علمی پزشکی قانونی، 54، 91-87.
بشارت، محمدعلی (1395). ساخت و اعتباریابی مقیاس استحکام من. مجله علوم روانشناختی، 58، زیر چاپ.
بشارت، محمدعلی، حسینی، اسماء، محمدمهر، رضا و عزیزی کورش (1387). بررسی پایایی، روایی و تحلیل عاملی مقیاس نشخوار خشم در دانشجویان دانشگاه تهران. پژوهش در نظام‌های آموزشی، 5، 23-9.
بشارت، محمدعلی و محمدمهر، رضا (1388). بررسی ویژگیهای روانسنجی مقیاس نشخوار خشم. نشریه دانشکده پرستاری و مامایی، 65، 43-36.
Alloy, L. B., Abramson, L. Y., Keyser, J., Gerstein, R. K., & Sylvia, L. G. (2008). Negative cognitive style. In K. S. Dobson, & D. Dozois (Eds), Risk factors for depression (237-262). New York: Academic Press.
Antony, M. M., Purdon, C. L., Huta, V., & Swinson, R. P. (1999). Dimensions of perfectionism across the anxiety disorders. Behavior Research and Therapy, 36, 1143-1154.
American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: Fifth Edition (DSM-V). Washington, DC: Author. 
Balsamo, M. (2010). Anger and depression: Evidence of a possible mediating role for rumination. Psychological Reports, 106, 3-12.
Besharat, M. A., Etemadi Nia, M., & Farahani, H. (2013). Anger and major depressive disorder: The mediating role of emotion regulation and anger rumination. Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 6, 35-41.
Besharat, M. A., & Shahidi, S. (2011). What is the relationship between alexithymia and ego defense styles? A correlational study with Iranian students. Asian journal of psychiatry, 4, 145-149.
Bjorklund, P. (2000). Assessing ego strength: Spinning straw into gold. Perspective in Psychiatric Care, 36, 21-38.
Black, J., & Reynolds, W. M. (2013). Examining the relationship of perfectionism, depression, and optimism: Testing for mediation and moderation. Personality and Individual Differences, 54, 426-431.
Brauer, L., Lewin, A. B., & Storch, E. A. (2011). A review of psychotherapy for obsessive- compulsive disorder. Mind and Brain, 2, 38-44.
Brody, C. D., Haaga, D. A., Kirk, L., & Solomon, A. (1999).  Experiences of anger in people who have recovered from depression and never-depressed people. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. 5, 187-400.
Carvalho, A. F., Hyphantis, T. N., Taunay, T. C., Macêdo, D. S., Floros, G. D., Ottoni, G. L., et al. (2013). The relationship between affective temperaments, defensive styles and depressive symptoms in a large sample. Journal of affective disorders, 146, 58-65.
Cheng, H., Mallinckrodt, B., & Wu, L. (2005). Anger Expression toward parents and depressive symptoms among undergraduates in Taiwan. The Counseling Psychologist, 33, 72-97.
Costa, P. T., & McCrae, R. R. (1992). Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R) and NEO Five Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) professional manual. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.
Deyo, M., Wilson, K. A., Ong, J., & Koopman, C. (2009). Mindfulness and rumination: does mindfulness training lead to reductions in the ruminative thinking associated with depression? EXPLORE: The Journal of Science and Healing, 5, 265-271.
Di Schiena, R., Luminet, O., Philippot, P., & Douilliez, C. (2012). Adaptive and maladaptive perfectionism in depression: Preliminary evidence on the role of adaptive and maladaptive rumination. Personality and Individual Differences, 53, 774-778.
Eglinton, R., & Chung, M. C. (2011). The relationship between posttraumatic stress disorder, illness cognitions, defense styles, fatigue severity and psychological well-being in chronic fatigue syndrome. Psychiatry research, 188, 245-252.
Enns, M. W., & Cox, B. J. (1999). Perfectionism and depression symptom severity in major depressive disorder. Behavior Research and Therapy, 37, 783-794.
Farkas, D., & Orosz, G. (2013). The link between ego-resiliency and changes in Big Five traits after decision making: The case of Extraversion. Personality and Individual Differences, 55, 440-445.
Flett, G.L., & Hewitt, P.L. (2002). Perfectionism: theory, research, and treatment. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
Flett, G. L., & Hewitt, P. L. (2015). Measures of perfectionism. In G. J. Boyle, D. H. Saklofske, G. Matthews, G. J. Boyle, D. H. Saklofske, G. Matthews (Eds.), Measures of personality and social psychological constructs (pp. 595-618). San Diego, CA, US: Elsevier Academic Press. doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-386915-9.00021-8
Frost, R. O., Marten, P., Lahart, C. M., & Rosenblate, R. (1990). The dimensions of perfectionism. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 14, 449-468.
Gilbert, P., Cheung, M., Irons, C., & Mc Ewan, K. (2005). An exploration into depression-focused and anger-focused rumination in relation to depression in a student population. Behavioral and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 33, 273-283.
Graham, A. R., Sherry, S. B., Stewart, S. H., Sherry, D. L., McGrath, D., Fossum, K., et al. (2010). The existential model of perfectionism and depressive symptoms: A short-term, four-wave longitudinal study. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 57, 423-438.
Gratz, K. L., & Roemer, L. (2004). Multidimensional assessment of emotion regulation and dysregulation: Development, factor structure, and initial validation of the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 26, 41-54.
Halmi, K. A., Tozzi, F., Thornton, L. M., Crow, S., Fichter, M. M., Kaplan, A. S., et al. (2005). The relation among perfectionism, obsessive-compulsive personality disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder in individuals with eating disorders. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 38, 371-374.
Harris, P. W., Pepper, C. M., & Maack, D. J. (2008). The relationship between maladaptive perfectionism and depressive symptoms: The mediating role of rumination. Personality and Individual Differences, 44, 150-160.
Hewitt, P. L., & Flett, G. L., (1991a). Perfectionism in the self and social contexts: Conceptualization, assessment, and association with psychopathology. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 60, 456-470.
Hewitt, P. L., & Flett, G. L. (1991b). Dimensions of perfectionism in unipolar depression. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 100, 98-101.
Horowitz, L. M., Rosenberg, S. E., Baer, B. A., Ureno, G., & Villasenor, V. S. (1988). Inventory of Interpersonal Problems: psychometric properties and clinical applications. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 56, 885-892.
Kashdan, T. B., & Roberts, J. E. (2007). Social anxiety, depressive symptoms, and post-event rumination: Affective consequences and social contextual influences. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 21, 284-301.
Kassinove, H., & Sukhodolsky, D. G. (1995). Anger disorders: Basic science and practice issues. Issues in Comprehensive Pediatric Nursing, 18, 173-205.
Lo, A., & Abbott, M. J. (2013). Review of the Theoretical, Empirical, and Clinical Status of Adaptive and Maladaptive Perfectionism. Behavior Change, 30, 96-116.
Luutonen, S. (2007). Anger and depression: theoretical and clinical considerations. Nordic Journal of Psychiatry, 61, 246-251.
Mathers, C. D., Stein, C., Ma Fat, D., Rao, C., Inoue, M., Tomijima, N., et al. (2002). Global Burden of Disease 2000: Version 2 methods and results: Geneva, World Health Organization.
Maxwell, J. P., Sukhodolsky, D. G., Chow, C. C. F., & Wong, C. F. C. (2005). Anger rumination in Hong Kong and Great Britain: Validation of the scale and across-cultural comparison. Personality and Individual Differences, 39, 1147-1157.
Neumann, S., Waldstein, S., III, J. S., Thayer, J., & Sorkin, J.  (2006). Hostility and distraction have differential influences on cardiovascular recovery from anger recall in women. Health Psychology, 23, 631-40.
Obsessive Compulsive Cognitions Working Group (1997). Cognitive assessment of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Behavior Research Therapy.35, 667-81.
O'Connor, R. C., Rasmussen, S., & Hawton, K. (2010). Predicting depression, anxiety and self-harm in adolescents: The role of perfectionism and acute life stress. Behavior Research and Therapy, 48, 52-59.
Outley, K. (1992). Best laid Schemes: The psychology of emotions. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
Papageorgiou, C., & Wells, A. (2004). Depressive rumination: Nature, theory, and treatment. Chichester, UK: Wiley.
Peled, M., & Moretti, M. M. (2010). Ruminating on Rumination: are Rumination on Anger and Sadness Differentially Related to Aggression and Depressed Mood? Psychopathology Behavioral Assessment, 32, 108-117.
Radomsky, A. S., Ashbaugh, A. R., & Gelfand, L. A. (2007). Relationships between anger, symptoms, and cognitive factors in OCD checkers. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 45, 2712-2725.
Rodrigues Maia, B., Soares, M. J., Gomes, A., Marques, M., Pereira, A. T., Cabral, A., et al. (2009). Perfectionism in obsessive-compulsive and eating disorders. Revista Brasileira De Psiquiatria, 31, 322-327.
Sassarolia, S., Romero Lauro, L. J., Ruggiero, G. M., Maurid, M. C., Vinaia, P., & Froste, R. (2008). Perfectionism in depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder & eating disorders. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 46, 757-765.
Schuch, J. J., Roest, A. M., Nolen, W. A., Penninx, B. W., & de Jonge, P. (2014). Gender differences in major depressive disorder: Results from the Netherlands study of depression and anxiety. Journal of Affective Disorders, 156, 156-163.
Scott, R. M., Hides, L., Allen, J. S., & Lubman, D. I. (2013). Coping style and ecstasy use motives as predictors of current mood symptoms in ecstasy users. Addictive Behaviors, 38, 2465-2472.
Sherry, S. B., Hewitt, P. L., Flett, G. L., & Harvey, M. (2003). Perfectionism dimensions, perfectionism attitudes, dependent attitudes, and depression in psychiatric patients and university students. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 50, 373-386.
Sherry, S. B., Richards, J. E., Sherry, D. L., & Stewart, S. H. (2014). Self-critical perfectionism is a vulnerability factor for depression but not anxiety: A 12-month, 3-wave longitudinal study. Journal of Research in Personality, 52, 1-5.
Singh, N., & Anand, A. (2015). Ego-Strength and Self-Concept among Adolescents: A Study on Gender Differences. The International Journal of Indian Psychology, 3, 46-54.
Soreni, N., Streiner, D., McCabe, R., Bullard, C., Swinson, R., Greco, A., et al. (2015). Dimensions of Perfectionism in Children and Adolescents with Obsessive-compulsive Disorder. Journal of the Canadian Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 23, 136-143.
Stoeber, J. (2015). How other-oriented perfectionism differs from self-oriented and socially prescribed perfectionism: Further findings. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 37, 611-623.
Sukhodolsky, D. G., Golub, A., & Cromwell, E. N. (2001). Development and validation of the anger rumination scale. Personality and IndividualDifferences, 31, 689-700.
Tugade, M. M., & Fredrickson, B. L. (2004). Resilient individuals use positive emotions to bounce back from negative emotional experiences. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 86, 320-333.
Veit, C. T. & Ware, J. E. (1983). The structure of psychological distress and well-being in general population. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 51, 730-742.
Watson, D., Clarke, L. A., & Tellegen, A. (1988). Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS Scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54, 1063-1070.
Weiner, I. B., Tennen, H. A., & Suls, J. M. (2012). Handbook of Psychology, Personality and Social Psychology, 5, New Jersey: Wiley.
Wenzlaff, R. M., & Wegner, D. M. (2000). Thought suppression. Annual Review of Psychology. 51, 59-91.
Wheeler, H. A., Blankstein, K. R., Antony, M., McCabe, R. E., & Bieling, P. J. (2011). Perfectionism in anxiety and depression: Comparisons across disorders, relations with symptom severity, and role of comorbidity. International Journal of Cognitive Therapy, 4, 66-91.
Wolfersdorf, M., & Kiefer, A. (1998). Depression and aggression. A control group study on the aggression hypothesis in depressive disorders based on the Buss Durkee Questionnaire. Psychiatrische Praxis, 25, 240-245.
 
فرهنگ مشاوره و روان درمانی
دوره 7، شماره 26 - شماره پیاپی 26
تیر 1395
صفحه 87-115
فایل ها
هم رسانی
ارجاع به این مقاله
آمار