نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار گروه مشاوره، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران

2 دانشجوی دکتری رشته مشاوره، دانشگاه کردستان، سنندج، ایران

3 استاد، گروه مشاوره، دانشگاه کردستان، سنندج، ایران

چکیده

هدف از پژوهش حاضر واکاوی نحوه ارتباطات در خانواده‌های دارای فرزند در آستانه کنکور بود. در این پژوهش از روش‌کیفی به شیوه پدیدارشناسی تفسیری استفاده شد. میدان پژوهشی شامل دانش‌آموزان در آستانه کنکور شهر سنندج در سال 1404-1403 بود. نمونه‌گیری به صورت هدفمند از نوع ملاکی انجام شد و شرکت‌کنندگان مورد مصاحبه نیمه‌ساختار یافته قرار گرفتند. به منظور تجزیه و تحلیل داده‌ها از روش راهبرد هفت مرحله‌ای دیکلمن، آلن و تانر استفاده شد. تجزیه و تحلیل داده‌ها به شناسایی منجربه تولید 63 مفهوم اولیه، 11 مضمون فرعی و 4 مضمون اصلی شد. مضمون اصلی اول فضای ارتباطی شامل (خانواده‌های تعادل‌گرا، کنکورمحور و بی‌تفاوت)، مضمون اصلی دوم سبک‌های حمایتی شامل (عاطفی، ابزاری-تکنولوژی، اطلاعاتی و سیستمی)، مضمون اصلی سوم تعارضات ارتباطی شامل (تعارضات بین‌فردی و درون‌فردی) و مضمون اصلی چهارم راهبردهای مقابله‌ای شامل (فردمحور و خانواده‌محور) بود. بنابراین یافته‌ها نشان داد که خانواده‌های تعادل‌گرا با ایجاد آرامش و برنامه‌ریزی منطقی، تجربه دانش‌آموزان را بهبود و تعارضات را کاهش می‌دهند؛ خانواده‌های کنکورمحور با کنترل افراطی و انتظارات غیرواقعی، استرس و تعارضات بین‌فردی را افزایش می‌دهند؛ و خانواده‌های بی‌تفاوت با بی‌توجهی به شرایط، احساس تنهایی و سردرگمی ایجاد می‌کنند. همچنین سبک‌های حمایتی (به‌ویژه عاطفی و سیستمی) نقش مؤثری در کاهش تعارضات درون‌فردی دارند. با توجه به مضمون‌های بدست آمده از پژوهش حاضر، راه‌کارهایی از جمله اصلاح شیوه‌های ارتباطی، فرزندپروری و فضای اطلاعاتی در حیطه مسائل مربوط به کنکور برای مدیریت چالش‌های موجود در خانواده‌ها و پشت سر گذاشتن این دوره به همراه سلامت روانشناختی برای تمام اعضای خانواده موثر به نظر می‌رسد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Analyzing the Communications in Families with Children Preparing for the University Entrance Exam: A Qualitative Study from the Perspectives of the Children

نویسندگان [English]

  • fahimeh bahonar 1
  • mahya sanieemanesh 2
  • alieh gravand 2
  • naser yoosefi 3

1 Assistant Professor of Counseling, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran

2 Ph.D Student of Counseling, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran

3 Professor of Counseling, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran

چکیده [English]

The present study aimed to explore the communication patterns in families with children preparing for the university entrance exam. This research employed a qualitative interpretative phenomenological approach. The research field included students on the verge of the entrance exam in Sanandaj city during the years 2023-2024. Purposive sampling of the criterion sampling type was used, and participants were interviewed through semi-structured interviews. The data analysis was conducted using Diekelmann, Allen & Tanner's seven-step strategy. The data analysis led to the identification of 63 initial concepts, 11 secondary themes, and 4 main themes. The first main theme, communication space, included families characterized as balanced, exam-oriented, and indifferent. The second main theme, support styles, encompassed emotional, instrumental-technological, informational, and networking support. The third main theme, communication conflicts, involved inter-personal and intra-personal (generational) conflicts. The fourth main theme, coping strategies, included individual-centered and family-centered approaches. The findings revealed that balanced-oriented families, by fostering calmness and rational planning, enhance students' experience and diminish conflicts; Konkour-oriented families, through excessive control and unrealistic expectations, heighten stress and interpersonal conflicts; and indifferent families, by disregarding the situation, engender feelings of loneliness and confusion. Additionally, support styles (particularly emotional and systemic support) play a significant role in reducing intrapersonal conflicts. Considering the themes derived from this study, strategies such as improving communication methods, parenting styles, and informational environments related to the exam appear effective in managing existing challenges within families and overcoming this period, along with promoting psychological well-being for all family members.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Family
  • Communications
  • Children
  • Preparing for the University Entrance Exam
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