نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

• معصومه باقری ¹
• مرضیه شهریاری ²
• محمود کرمشاهی ³

¹ دانشیار علوم اجتماعی گروه جامعه شناسی دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز

² استادیار جامعه شناسی گروه جامعه شناسی دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز

³ دانشجوی دکتری جامعه شناسی گروه علوم اجتماعی دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز

چکیده

هدف از پژوهش حاضر، واکاوی «بی‌ثباتی زناشویی »زوجین در شهر ایلام است. روش پژوهش، مبتنی بر روش کیفی با رویکرد گرندد تئوری « نظریه زمینه‌ای» است. در این مطالعه،24 نفر از مشارکت-کنندگان مذکور با روش نمونه‌گیری نظری و هدفمند انتخاب شدند. داده‌های مورد نظر براساس مصاحبه عمیق، جمع‌آوری و تجزیه و تحلیل شدند. نتایج پژوهش نشان می‌دهد، «شاخص‌های بی ثباتی» در ابعاد شناختی، رفتاری، عاطفی و زمانی (طول مدت زناشویی) متأثر از «موجبات علی» ازجمله؛ شناخت سطحی،کجروی اخلاقی و رفتاری، رویکرد قهری زوجین، ضعف مهارت‌های حل مسئله وناهمسانی همسران بوده است. در ابعاد« زمینه‌ای و بسترها»، یافته‌ها نشان می‌دهد، بی‌ثباتیِ زناشویی، متأثرازعلل واگرایی ساختاری، شکاف نسلی، نامتوازن بودن دوران گذار، دگرگونی نقش‌ها، ارزش ها و جامعه پذیری ناقصِ زوجین است. در بعد «استراتژی‌ها » بی‌ثباتیِ زناشویی به نقش سکوت و مدارا، احساس حقارت و مقابله، خشونت و انتقام و گرایش به طلاق می توان اشاره کرد. درنتیجه؛ «پیامدهای» این بی‌ثباتی شامل تشدید احساس حقارت و سرخوردگی، دگرگونی و ناکارآمدی ارزش‌های خانواده، بحران هویت و نا امنیِ اخلاقی است. در نهایت «راهکارهایی» ازجمله؛ بسترسازی و تقویت مراکز فرهنگ‌ساز، ارتقاء الگوهای مهارت‌های زناشویی‌و‌تقویت نظارت، درمان مراکزمشاوره برای کاهش ناپایداریِ زناشویی پیشنهاد شده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

• فروپاشی زناشویی
• زوجین
• گرنددتئوری
• ایلام

موضوعات

• مشاوره خانواده

عنوان مقاله [English]

Exploring the hidden factors in the collapse of marriage

نویسندگان [English]

• masoumeh bagheri ¹
• marziyeh shahryari ²
• mahmoud karamshahi ³

¹ AssociateProfessor, Department of Social Sciences, Faculty of Economics and Social Sciences, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran

² Assistant Professor, Department of Social Sciences, Faculty of Economics and Social Sciences, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran

³ PhD student Department of Social Sciences, Faculty of Economics and Social Sciences, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran

چکیده [English]

Extended Abstract:

Introduction

In contemporary times, marital adjustment has emerged as a widely used concept in studies of families and marriages. Marital adjustment is a multidimensional concept that illuminates various aspects of marriage and shows a process that unfolds throughout a couple’s life (Hashemi, Arefi, Kakirani, & Chehri, 2022) and is considered a predictor of marital happiness and well-being and is influenced by numerous individual and interpersonal factors (Bijani, Hashemi, & Saadati-Shamir, 2023). Marital instability, often a precursor to the collapse of marriage, refers to any tendency of couples toward divorce, encompassing both cognitive and behavioral states (Brown, Stykes, & Manning, 2006). It manifests when couples contemplate divorce or take actions that may end the marriage (Faraji, Sanaei, & Namvar, 2019). The National Civil Registration Organization has announced that the average duration of marriage before the first divorce in 2020 was 10 years (National Civil Registration Organization, 2020).
Research Question
This study was guided by the following research question: What are the hidden factors contributing to the process of marital collapse among couples in the city of Ilam?

Literature Review

A review of the research conducted in American contexts shows that the evolution in gender beliefs (self-awareness, autonomy, and success) changed the way people think about happiness, love, and decisions about marriage and divorce (Cavanagh, 2020). There has also been an emphasis on the similarity and compatibility of personality traits in marriage, acceptance of gender role shifts, similarity and homogeneity of cognitive, behavioral and emotional patterns, and training in communication skills (Ahangar, Borjali, & Dawai, 2025).

Methodology

This was a qualitative study utilizing a grounded theory approach. In order to deeply identify the hidden aspects of the problem, the researcher selected 24 couples at risk of divorce through theoretical purposive sampling, collecting first-hand data from their lived experiences via in-depth interviews. Data were collected through in-depth interviews. After reaching theoretical saturation, the data from the interview transcripts were analyzed.

Results

The results of the study show that "marital breakdown indicators" in cognitive, behavioral, emotional and temporal dimensions (marital duration) are affected by "causal conditions": surface knowledge, moral and behavioral deviation, a coercive approach by couples, weak problem-solving skills, and dissimilarity of spouses. In the "contextual" dimension, the findings show that the breakdown of marriage is affected by structural divergence, generational gap, imbalance of the transition period, transformation of roles and values, and incomplete socialization of couples. In the "strategies" dimension of the breakdown of marriage, the role of silence and tolerance, feelings of inferiority and confrontation, violence and revenge, and tendency to divorce can be mentioned. As a result, the "consequences" of this breakdown include an intensification of feelings of inferiority and frustration, transformation and ineffectiveness of family values, identity crisis, and moral insecurity.       

Discussion

In accordance with the findings of the research and from the point of view of couples at risk of divorce, the solutions to overcome the breakdown of marriage include: "Strengthening culture-building and awareness-raising centers" as structural and fundamental conditions. This involves providing grounds for preventing marital instability by focusing on issues such as life management training, developing a culture of equal marriage, training in dialogue between couples without the interference of others, and the possibility of moral recognition of couples before marriage.
Also, from the perspective of couples, "improving marital patterns and skills" includes behavioral and verbal honesty, continuous premarital counseling, moderation in mutual trust between couples, and mutual love as the basis for marital durability. From the perspective of the studied stakeholders, attention has been paid to "strengthening supervision and treatment" in counseling as a necessity, having mental and physical health as a prerequisite for marriage, medical tests necessary for marriage, and improving the efficiency of counseling centers. These mechanisms can be strengthened through continuous pre- and post-marital training of couples in counseling centers and by developing and strengthening the efficiency of these centers.

Conclusion

From the perspective of couples, the most important factors for marital breakdown are: "structural divergence", "generation gap", "imbalance in the transition period", and "transformation of roles and values".
Acknowledgments
The authors sincerely thank and appreciate all those who collaborated in this research.
Keywords: Marital Instability, Couples, Grounded Theory, Ilam.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

• Marital instability؛ couples؛ Grand theory
• Ilam