Research Paper
zahra behjati; mahmood khabaz
Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of the present study was to investigate and compare the affective working memory in depressed and non-depressed women. Methods: Using purposive sampling method, twenty seven depressed women were selected and matched by age & education with 27 non- depressed women. Data was collected ...
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Purpose: The purpose of the present study was to investigate and compare the affective working memory in depressed and non-depressed women. Methods: Using purposive sampling method, twenty seven depressed women were selected and matched by age & education with 27 non- depressed women. Data was collected by the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the n-back task and were analyzed using paired sample t-test. Results: Results indicated a weaker function in working memory task for depressed subjects compared to the non-depressed group (p<0.05). Although depressed individuals respond to positive stimuli significantly less than non-depressed people(p<0.05), there is no significant difference between two groups in responding to negative stimuli (p>0.05). Discussion: Limited working memory resources, lack of initiative, inability to prevent irrelevant information and rumination were discussed as causes of deficits on working memory task performance in depressed people.
Research Paper
mahdiye atrifard; mohamadreza shoaeri
Abstract
The present study aims to determine the efficacy of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy based on Hofmann’s model for decreasing symptoms of social anxiety disorder. 12 subjects with social anxiety disorder were selected using Social Phobia Inventory (SPIN) and Structured Clinical Interview for Diagnostic ...
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The present study aims to determine the efficacy of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy based on Hofmann’s model for decreasing symptoms of social anxiety disorder. 12 subjects with social anxiety disorder were selected using Social Phobia Inventory (SPIN) and Structured Clinical Interview for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of mental disorders (SCID-IV). 6 subjects were randomly selected to be included in the test group and 6 subjects were included in the control group. The test group received CBT based on Hofmann’s model and the control group waited. Examinations showed that the 2 groups matched demographically. Subjects completed the Social Phobia Inventory (SPIN), the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS-SR), and The Brief Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale (BFNE) questionnaires before, immediately after and 1.5 months after the end of treatment/ waiting. The results of analyses indicated that the independent variable (CBT based on Hofmann’s model) had a significant effect on the dependent variable (SPIN, LSAS-SR, BFNE) in repeated measurements (pre-test, post-test and follow up). Generally, the results were indicative of the efficacy of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy based on Hofmann’s model (2007) for decreasing different components of social anxiety disorder; as the efficacy was maintained from post-test to follow-up stage.
Research Paper
masood ghorbanalipur; ali esmaeili
Abstract
In the research literature, there were evidences for prevalence of death anxiety among older adults. No research has focused on this topic so far. Therefore the purpose of this study was to decrease the death anxiety among older adults using logo therapy. This was a semi-experimental study using control ...
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In the research literature, there were evidences for prevalence of death anxiety among older adults. No research has focused on this topic so far. Therefore the purpose of this study was to decrease the death anxiety among older adults using logo therapy. This was a semi-experimental study using control group and test group. 20 subjects were selected randomly from among the older adults residing at Uremia older adult center. They were randomly divided into test and control groups and the death anxiety scale pre-test was taken. Then, 10 logo therapy sessions were conducted for the test group. The control group had no intervention session. The same test was taken in both groups as post-test and one month later, as follow-up. The data were collected using Analysis of Covariance. The results showed that death anxiety in the test group was significantly lower than that of the control group in both post-test and follow-up stages. Group logo therapy decreased death anxiety in older adults suffering from death anxiety and the finding can be discussed in terms of treatment of death anxiety
Research Paper
hosein ghamarigivi; hajar rezaei
Abstract
Having intrusive thoughts is a characteristic of people with obsession disorder. They deal with thoughts such as perfectionism and intolerance of ambiguity. The present study aimed to examine efficacy of Whittal cognitive therapy and though stopping of patients with obsession disorder. The study was ...
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Having intrusive thoughts is a characteristic of people with obsession disorder. They deal with thoughts such as perfectionism and intolerance of ambiguity. The present study aimed to examine efficacy of Whittal cognitive therapy and though stopping of patients with obsession disorder. The study was an experimental design applying multi-group pretest- posttest method. 45 subjects with obsession disorder were randomly selected from among patients referred to hospitals, clinical centers, private clinics and counseling centers in Bukan city. They were divided into three groups (Whittal cognitive therapy, thought stopping behavioral treatment and control group). The two test groups attended 8 intervention sessions and before and after the sessions, the participants filled three questionnaires, i.e. Yale–Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale, intolerance of uncertainty Scale and Perfectionism Scale. Results of the multivariate analysis showed that both treatment methods were effective in reducing obsessive symptoms; however, Whittal cognitive therapy proved to be more effective than thought stopping method.The results of the study indicated the importance of cognitive therapy methods in reducing obsessive symptoms and their being more effective than behavioral therapy methods
Research Paper
seyedehfatemeh kazemi; yusof karimi
Abstract
The preset study aimed to examine and compare dimensions of perfectionism (self-oriented, other-oriented, and socially prescribed perfectionism) with locus of control in students with high test anxiety and normal students. It was a causal-comparative research. Using cluster random sampling method, 280 ...
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The preset study aimed to examine and compare dimensions of perfectionism (self-oriented, other-oriented, and socially prescribed perfectionism) with locus of control in students with high test anxiety and normal students. It was a causal-comparative research. Using cluster random sampling method, 280 subjects were selected from among all male and female students of Allameh Tabataba’i University in the 2010- 2011 educational years. The data were collected using the Tehran Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (TMPS), the Rotter's Locus of Control Standard Questionnaire and Test Anxiety Inventory (TAI). The statistical analysis methods of chi-square, coefficient of correlation and Regression were used to analyze the data. The results showed that, in all three dimensions of perfectionism, there was a significant difference between students with high test anxiety and normal ones. The former had higher degree of perfectionism in all its three dimensions. There was also a significant relationship between locus of control among students with high test anxiety and that of normal ones. The locus of control was more outward in those with high test anxiety. There was a significant positive relationship between all three dimensions of perfectionism and test anxiety. Perfectionism can predict the level of text anxiety
Research Paper
shahnaz mohamadi; alireza mahmoodnia
Abstract
One of the group psychological rehabilitation methods is psychodrama therapy. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of psychodrama therapy on psychopathological status of veterans with chronic schizophrenia. The study was a experimental design applying pretest-posttest methods. 38 veterans ...
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One of the group psychological rehabilitation methods is psychodrama therapy. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of psychodrama therapy on psychopathological status of veterans with chronic schizophrenia. The study was a experimental design applying pretest-posttest methods. 38 veterans with chronic schizophrenia hospitalized in Sa’adat-Abad mental hospital were selected by purposive sampling, were evaluated using The Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), and were randomly divided into two different groups of test and control. They were taken the SCL-90R test. Then, group psychodrama therapy sessions were held for the test group for 1 month. After the sessions ended, both groups were given SCL-90R test again for both groups. Analysis of covariance was used to analyze the data. The statistical analysis demonstrated that there was a significant difference between the two groups in 8 dimensions out of total 9 Scl-90R dimensions, including physical complaint, autogenous obsession, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, anxiety, hostility, phobia, and paranoid ideation. After psychodrama therapy, the results of the post-test showed that the state of veterans with chronic schizophrenia was better than that of the pre-test. However, there was no significant difference between two groups in the psychoticism dimensions. Psychodrama therapy, as a non-physical way of rehabilitation, can promote mental health of veterans with chronic schizophrenia
Research Paper
nilofar mikaeili; parisa adineh
Abstract
Theory of mind is the ability to attribute mental states beliefs, intents, desires, pretending, knowledge, etc. to oneself and others and to understand that others have beliefs, desires, and intentions that are different from one's own. The present study examined the relationship between the capacity ...
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Theory of mind is the ability to attribute mental states beliefs, intents, desires, pretending, knowledge, etc. to oneself and others and to understand that others have beliefs, desires, and intentions that are different from one's own. The present study examined the relationship between the capacity of theory of mind and some cognitive functions of patients with obsessive- compulsive disorder. From among patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder referring to psychiatric and psychological treatment centers in Ardabil, 20 subjects were selected randomly and matched 20 normal people. The data were collected using tasks related to theory of mind, including first and second false belief tasks, and advanced test of theory of mind. Wisconsin Card Sorting Test and Associative Learning Test were also used for data collection. To analyze the data, two independent T tests and Pearson’s correlation coefficient were used. The performance of patients with obsessive- compulsive disorder in all task related to theory of mind was poorer than that of the normal group; however, the differences were significant only in the advanced test of theory of mind. Moreover, there was a significant relationship between the results of the advanced task of theory of mind and associated learning test results. While there was no significant relationship between the results of Wisconsin Card Test and the advanced test of theory of mind. Based on the findings, the basic capacities of theory of mind for patient with obsessive- compulsive disorder were generally maintained Patients; while, there was a significant decrease in the capacities of the advanced test of theory of mind. The decrease seems to be related to a reduction in the memory capacity of these patients. The possible links between memory and impaired theory of mind show the clinical importance of theory of mind deficits in treating patients with obsessive- compulsive disorder.
