Conseling
zeinab shariati; atousa Kalantar hormozi; Asieh Shariatmadar; Ebrahim Naeimi
Abstract
Extended Abstract:
Introduction
The development of professional identity is a central aspect of counselor education and one of the major indicators of professional maturity. For novice counselors, who are in the early stages of their careers, this process entails a complex interplay between personal ...
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Extended Abstract:
Introduction
The development of professional identity is a central aspect of counselor education and one of the major indicators of professional maturity. For novice counselors, who are in the early stages of their careers, this process entails a complex interplay between personal growth, academic preparation, and the practical demands of real-world counseling. Professional identity encompasses internalized values, attitudes, and behaviors that define one’s belonging to a profession and influence ethical conduct and professional decisions.
During the initial years of practice, novice counselors frequently encounter discrepancies between the theoretical ideals emphasized in their academic training and the realities of professional practice. These discrepancies manifest as sources of tension, uncertainty, and growth struggles. While the literature in counseling has addressed various developmental models and supervision frameworks (Skovholt & Ronnestad, 2003; Moss, Gibson & Dollarhide, 2011), relatively little is known about how new counselors in Iranian cultural and organizational contexts experience the challenges and facilitators that shape their professional identity development.
In Iran, where the counseling profession is still in a process of institutional consolidation, understanding how emerging professionals develop a professional sense of “who I am as a counselor” is of significant scholarly and practical value. Identifying both obstacles and supportive factors can help universities, supervisors, and policymaking bodies design better developmental and training environments for novice counselors.
The present qualitative research therefore aimed to explore the challenges and facilitators influencing the development of professional identity among novice counselors employed in counseling and psychology centers in Tehran during the year 2023–2024 (1402 SH). Using a grounded theory approach, this study sought to develop an empirically grounded model of how these professionals perceive, experience, and make sense of their professional growth journey.
Methodology
This study adopted a qualitative research design using the grounded theory method developed by Strauss and Corbin (2014), as it allows researchers to generate theoretical understanding directly from participants’ lived experiences rather than from pre‑existing hypotheses.
- Participants
The study population consisted of novice counselors currently working in counseling and psychology centers in Tehran. Fourteen participants were selected through purposeful criterion sampling combined with the snowball sampling technique, ensuring that only those meeting specific inclusion criteria were involved. Participants were doctoral graduates in counseling, had up to two years of professional experience, and were actively practicing in Tehran-area counseling centers. All participants provided informed consent, and their anonymity was safeguarded. The principle of data saturation determined the sample size, which was reached after 14 interviews.
- Data Collection
Data were collected through semi‑structured interviews designed to encourage deep reflection. Each interview lasted approximately 40 minutes. Initial guiding questions focused on participants’ perceptions of their professional identity, the kinds of challenges they had faced, and the strategies or supports that facilitated their professional development. Sample guiding questions included: “How do you perceive your professional identity as a novice counselor?”; “What challenges have you encountered in developing your professional identity?”; and “What factors have helped you grow or feel more professional in your career?”
The interviews were recorded (with permission), transcribed verbatim, and analyzed immediately after completion to ensure continuous comparison and refinement of emerging concepts.
- Data Analysis
The data were analyzed using constant comparative analysis, consisting of two primary coding stages:
Open Coding: data were broken into discrete meaning units, assigned conceptual labels, and grouped into initial categories.
Axial Coding: relationships between categories were examined, leading to the identification of core categories that explained the dynamics of professional identity growth.
Throughout the analysis, the researchers combined inductive reasoning (letting concepts emerge from the data) with deductive validation (re‑examining earlier interpretations across interviews).
Results
The process of coding yielded 72 open codes and 14 axial (central) categories, organized into two overarching dimensions: (1) challenges in professional identity formation and (2) facilitating factors that promote development.
- Challenges in Professional Identity Development
Institutional Challenges Related to the Profession: Many participants reported a lack of support from counseling centers, insufficient collaboration between institutions and novice counselors, job instability, and administrative ambiguity regarding standards and professional recognition. These institutional deficiencies hindered a secure professional start.
Functional Challenges Resulting from Lack of Experience: Participants highlighted difficulty in implementing theoretical knowledge, reliance on trial and error in practice, inflexibility in treatment planning, and uncertainty in managing clients effectively. Feelings of incompetence and anxiety about making mistakes pervaded early professional experiences.
Psychological Challenges at the Onset of Practice: Emotional vulnerability, self‑doubt, perfectionistic standards, and fear of disappointing clients or supervisors were reported widely. The transition from “student” to “professional” generated tension between the need for immediate competence and persistent feelings of inadequacy.
Self‑Evaluation Dependent on External Approval: Many novice counselors evaluated their success through external validation, such as client satisfaction or peer recognition. Dependence on others’ approval impeded the internalization of confidence and autonomy essential for professional identity consolidation.
- Facilitating Factors in Professional Identity Development
Guidance from Professors and Supervisors: Constructive feedback and mentorship offered direction, helping participants reinterpret experiences through reflection rather than judgment.
University‑Based Facilitators: The academic environment served as a stable reference system, linking theory to practice and instilling professional norms.
Foundational Professional Readiness: Foundational readiness, including ethical awareness, basic skills, and self‑discipline, strengthened confidence.
Interaction and Dialogue with Professional Peers: Peer support reduced isolation and encouraged shared problem‑solving.
Personal Growth Traits: Attributes like emotional resilience, empathy, and openness to feedback contributed to adaptive professional integration.
Learning from Client Experiences: Practical learning from client interactions led to professional maturity and authenticity.
Continuous Improvement of Skills and Knowledge: Lifelong learning was seen as both a duty and a motivator for identity consolidation.
Professional Experience as Catalyst: Each counseling session was perceived as a micro‑learning event, reinforcing confidence through action.
Commitment to Professional Maintenance and Ethics: Counselors viewed responsibility and professionalism as identity markers that sustain growth.
Application of Counseling in Personal Life: Integrating counseling values into personal relationships strengthened a consistent professional self‑concept.
Discussion
Analyzing both challenge and facilitation patterns reveals professional identity development as a transitional journey marked by instability, adaptation, and reconstruction. The early career stage is characterized by a fragility of professional self-definition, where institutional conditions and personal self‑concept interplay dynamically. The counselors’ reliance on external validation, combined with the scarcity of structured supervision in the Iranian context, amplifies role confusion and developmental stress.
However, the presence of mentors, academic affiliation, and a commitment to continuous self‑improvement emerge as key protective factors that mitigate professional uncertainty. This finding aligns with global studies (Skovholt & Ronnestad, 2003; Koçyiğit, 2020) that emphasize supervision, reflection, and experiential learning as key drivers of counselor identity growth.
Conclusion
This qualitative grounded theory study provides an in‑depth understanding of how novice counselors in Tehran experience and interpret the evolution of their professional identities. The findings reveal a dual process: while novices face institutional, functional, and psychological barriers that challenge their sense of professional adequacy, they also engage with powerful facilitators—mentorship, reflective learning, peer interaction, and ethical commitment—that sustain growth.
Acknowledgments
The researchers express their gratitude and appreciation to all participants in this study, who cooperated with willingness and patience throughout the process of deriving the results.
Keywords: Professional Identity, Counselor, Novice, Challenge, Facilitator.
Consulting research based on Iranian Islamic culture
Azam Kalaee; Khodabakhsh Ahmadi,; javad Khodadadi Sangdeh; Ebrahim Naeimi
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to identify the process and methods of "care" in the family to prevent its crises, which was done with a qualitative approach and data base method. The research community consisted of families living in Tehran in 1402 and included healthy families and families involved in ...
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The purpose of this study was to identify the process and methods of "care" in the family to prevent its crises, which was done with a qualitative approach and data base method. The research community consisted of families living in Tehran in 1402 and included healthy families and families involved in crisis, and 21 healthy families and 18 families involved in at least one of the crises (addiction, violence and betrayal) were interviewed in a semi-structured manner using the purposeful sampling method. The data were analyzed using the Strauss and Corbin method, and the findings of the coding stage were 84 open codes, 9 central codes, and 3 selective codes. The care process in the family consisted of protection, provision and guidance, and some methods of applying care, including preventing harm, respecting limits and boundaries, problem solving, kindness and mercy, handling family affairs, companionship and cooperation, spiritual support and helping It was the growth of the family. The results showed that care is a process that includes the continuous conscious movement of family members to protect, provide and guide the family, and its fruit and consequence is the prevention of harm, the establishment of security, peace in the family.
milad saeidi; Hossein keshavarz afshar; Ebrahim Naeimi
Abstract
The purpose of this research was to qualitatively investigate the occupational identity based on the existential components of new family counselors. In order to identify the effective factors in the job identity of novice family counselors based on existential components, the grounded theory method ...
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The purpose of this research was to qualitatively investigate the occupational identity based on the existential components of new family counselors. In order to identify the effective factors in the job identity of novice family counselors based on existential components, the grounded theory method was used. Data collection was done using in-depth interviews conducted by the researcher. In this study, in order to know the effective factors in the existential components of novice family counselors, all novice family counselors in Tehran in 1400-1401 were considered as the research population. The results of the research were determined in the form of 58 open codes, 9 central codes, and 2 selective codes, which indicated that touching existential concerns such as death, meaning, loneliness, authenticity, freedom, and responsibility, along with the dimensions of occupational identity, play an effective role in It provides the formation of the identity of the counselors And it is very important.
Mohammad Golsanamlu; Sadraddin Shariati; Ebrahim Naeimi; Ali Khorsandi
Abstract
The present research aims to study the understanding of teachers, students and parents from Influential characteristics of good teachers' counselling role from the perspective of teachers, students and parents that can be employed beside teachers' educational role. The statistical population consisted ...
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The present research aims to study the understanding of teachers, students and parents from Influential characteristics of good teachers' counselling role from the perspective of teachers, students and parents that can be employed beside teachers' educational role. The statistical population consisted of teachers, students and parents which was done in the form of Grounded theory through semi structured interviews by targeted sampling:17 teachers,36 students (18 high scores and 18 low scores) and 25 parents were included in the sample group. Based on the findings, participating teachers found the main influential features of the teacher counselling role in two main categories: " improving teacher counselling techniques" and " improving teachers' personal and family life skills"," students in three main categories: " Academic counselling"," non-academic counselling" and ethical counselling" and parents in three main categories:" parents understanding about their children problems", "familiarity of teachers and school management about parents problems" and " parents awareness of school problems and its management". The result is that in schools where students are deprived of a counsellor, most of the students' problems can be solved through counselling role of good teachers. Here the teacher does not replace the counsellor, but only tries to improve the performance of teachers and quality of guidance and counselling services of the school.
mohadeseh Moslehi; Ebrahim Naeimi; mahdi vahedi
Abstract
Physical, psychological and environmental disorders that people experience in old age facilitate the elderly's tendency to cyberspace and social networks. The purpose of this study is to analyze the mental health in cyberspace elderly users. The method of the present study is qualitative based on the ...
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Physical, psychological and environmental disorders that people experience in old age facilitate the elderly's tendency to cyberspace and social networks. The purpose of this study is to analyze the mental health in cyberspace elderly users. The method of the present study is qualitative based on the Phenomenology. The population of the study included all men and women over 65 years from Tehran. Sampling method was purposive & chain sampling in which 6 elderly women and men were selected in order to participate in the study and interviewed as well as analyzed. All interviews were recorded and finally analyzed using Strauss and Corbin's systematic analysis method (1990). They took refuge in cyberspace to escape from these afflictions. Twelve semi-structured interviews were conducted. The analysis of the interviewees' statements resulted in identifying 19 open codes and five central codes (loneliness perception, elderly absurdity, unrealistic attitudes, wandering in life, and excitement immersion). These findings indicate the prevalence of a range of psychological disorders in the elderly, which revealed the need to pay attention to this dimension as well as the design of educational and treatment programs to reduce these disorders. The statements of the interviewees also indicated the fact that cyberspace and drowning in it were not the cause of these discomforts, but the group took refuge in cyberspace to escape from these discomforts.
Ebrahim Naeimi; Mohammad Adelpour
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of time management training on quality of life, behavioral delay and decision making in secondary school students. The design of this semi-experimental study was pre-test-posttest with unequal control group. The statistical population of ...
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of time management training on quality of life, behavioral delay and decision making in secondary school students. The design of this semi-experimental study was pre-test-posttest with unequal control group. The statistical population of the study included all secondary school students in Islamshahr in the academic year of 97-96. The research sample consisted of 30 students (15 control and 15 test subjects) who were selected through targeted sampling. Quality of life questionnaire (QOL) (1989), Solomon and Roth Blum (1984), and Akhbarizadeh's decision quality questionnaire (1394) were used to collect data. After the pre-test, time management training was provided to the experimental group during 8 sessions of 90 minutes (two sessions per week). After the end of time management education, both post-test groups were taken. For data analysis, covariance analysis was used. The results showed that time management education was effective on quality of life, depression and behavioral decision of second grade students (P <0.05).
Morteza Rezaei Madani; Atoosa Kalantar Hormozi; Ebrahim Naeimi
Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of study was to investigate the process of new academic guidance in ninth grade from the perspective of counselors in secondary schools. Methodology: The present study was conducted using a qualitative method based on thematic analysis. The study population were all counselors of ...
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Purpose: The purpose of study was to investigate the process of new academic guidance in ninth grade from the perspective of counselors in secondary schools. Methodology: The present study was conducted using a qualitative method based on thematic analysis. The study population were all counselors of the schools in the academic year of 97-96 and a targeted sampling method. As a result, among counselors, 10 counselors were selected. Sample selection and interview continued until data saturation. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data. All interviews were recorded with the permission of the participants, then, for further analysis, the text of the interviews was carefully placed on the paper and after modifying the themes, they are were thoroughly analyzed and the categories are classified. Findings: Analysis of the findings from the semi-structured interview resulted in identifying four main categories: 1) Failure of the educational guidance process; 2) Testing problems; 3)Awareness; 4) The necessity of facilities for optimal implementation. Conclusion: Based on the findings of the research, it can be concluded that there is a long gap between the ministry's notification guidelines and the correct implementation of it, and the student's academic guidance failed to implement what was enacted in the regulation. Therefore, for the pathology of the process, the corrective opinions of the counselors and experts in this field should be received and the current process of academic guidance should reviewed and revised expertly in order to reach for the desired balancing in the document of fundamental transformation.
mahdi khanjani; fereshteh ghanbari; Ebrahim Naeimi
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between family function, attachment style and parenting styles with Internet addiction in adolescents. The present study was descriptive and correlation study method, among the statistical population of the present study, all female students ...
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between family function, attachment style and parenting styles with Internet addiction in adolescents. The present study was descriptive and correlation study method, among the statistical population of the present study, all female students aged 12 to 18 years in the 5th district of Tehran in the second half of the academic year of 1959-96 had 2688, A sample of 338 people was selected by cluster sampling and assessed by Collins and Reid Adult Inventory, Shepherd Parenting Styles, Internet addiction and Family Measurement Tool were evaluated. Data were analyzed using SPSS-22 software and descriptive and inferential statistics including correlation and stepwise regression were used. The results of data analysis showed that family function and parenting styles and secure attachment style had a negative relationship with internet addiction, there is a significant positive correlation between ambivalent attachment styles and avoidance of internet addiction. It is suggested that the results of this study be used in the design of juvenile addiction treatment training programs.
moslem iranmehr; abdollah shafiabadi; ebrahim naeimi
Abstract
the aim of this study was "determining the damage of Virtual social networks on the mental health of high school students from Tehran school counselors perspective ". This study was conducted with Qualitative approach and grounded theory method. The population of this research was school counselors in ...
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the aim of this study was "determining the damage of Virtual social networks on the mental health of high school students from Tehran school counselors perspective ". This study was conducted with Qualitative approach and grounded theory method. The population of this research was school counselors in Tehran boys' high school. The sample includes 21 of the boys' highschool counselors who Purposive sampling method were selected in Tehran. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data. To analyze the data, using grounded theory, information obtained in three stages, open coding, axial, and was selective. A total of 37 primary categories, and 6 axia code as follows: "personal injuries, Family injuries, social injuries, educational injuries, injuries during puberty and the risk of mental disorders" was obtained. Based on the results obtained, the core category (selective code) This " Education and training injuries " was determined. This category covers all other categories in the study.
Ebrahim Naeimi; zohre tajery
Abstract
The aim of present study was examine The Effectiveness of Multiple Special-Skill Education on Reducing of Stress and Increasing of Happiness in Mothers with Autistic Boys. Present study was done by experimental method with semi experimental design with pretest and posttest with control group. The study ...
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The aim of present study was examine The Effectiveness of Multiple Special-Skill Education on Reducing of Stress and Increasing of Happiness in Mothers with Autistic Boys. Present study was done by experimental method with semi experimental design with pretest and posttest with control group. The study population contain all of Mothers with Autistic Boys region 5 in Tehran in 2016 who in this population, 40 person selected by accessible sampling method and were replaced randomly 20 individual in experimental group and 20 individual in control group. The experimental group was received Multiple Special-Skill Education in 10 sessions. Both experimental group and control group answered Oxford Happiness Questionnaire (1989) and Cohen Perceived Stress Scale (1989) in pretest and posttest period. Data was analyzed using covariance test. The findings showed that there are significant difference between happiness and stress between experimental group and control group (p<0/001). According to findings can conclude Multiple Special-Skill Education could effect on happiness and stress in Mothers with Autistic Boys. Key words: Autism, Stress, Happiness, Multiple Special Skills.
Ebrahim Naeimi; azam kalaee
Abstract
Abstract Objectives: This research has been done due to a qualitative study of the causes of the old’s occupational satisfaction referring to their occupational narrative (Lived Experiment) in Iranian-Islamic culture and based on Shafiabady multiphasic pattern. Method: Method of study was ...
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Abstract Objectives: This research has been done due to a qualitative study of the causes of the old’s occupational satisfaction referring to their occupational narrative (Lived Experiment) in Iranian-Islamic culture and based on Shafiabady multiphasic pattern. Method: Method of study was done to gain objective information in the mid-structured way. In this respect, the old were interviewed about their occupational narratives and the quality of occupational satisfaction or dissatisfaction. Then, the interview was outlined in the way of narrative therapy and analyzed using Shafiabady multiphasic pattern. Results: What was discussed in the study of the factors and how the old’s occupational satisfaction is or their occupational dissatisfaction of their job narratives were presented and categorized in the form of tables considering to Shafiabady five axes pattern including having a goal, being dynamic, self- imaginary, requirement and decision. In the interview processes we have encountered and achieved some other valuable factors relating to occupational satisfaction existing in Iranian-Islamic culture. Conclusion: One of the main times in life is the old age. If the young pay attention to important factors, useful and valuable experiments of the old when selecting job then they are prevented from dissatisfaction of occupation. As this study resulted from discussion with the old in Iranian-Islamic society, most information of interviewee was capable of analysis. So the comprehensive pattern has been proved. Other valuable pointes found in the interviews emphasized in Iranian-Islamic culture include the role of believes and morality such as believe in barekat - some kind of increase in material and spiritual things by God-, thanksgiving, trust in God, conscience in act, generosity, commiserate in act and using other’s occupational experiments and also the family support to satisfy occupationally. However these mentioned factors corresponds Shafiabady multiphasic pattern and fitted into five axia, in so called society some criteria are special. Through this study we have respected this successful pattern in Iranian-Islamic culture.
arezoo amini; asia Shariatnadar; Ebrahim Naeimi
Abstract
Purpose: the purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of teaching religion-based spiritual concepts on children's behavioral problems. Research method: In this study, a single-case experimental design (type AB or repeated direct observation) with one-month follow-up were used. For this ...
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Purpose: the purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of teaching religion-based spiritual concepts on children's behavioral problems. Research method: In this study, a single-case experimental design (type AB or repeated direct observation) with one-month follow-up were used. For this purpose, after available sampling of population, three female students in the third grade of primary school that gained more than 9 in the teacher form of Rutter problem behavior scale (1967), were purposefully selected and received religion-based spiritual interventions for 13 sessions of 45 minutes. In order to collect data, Rutter behavior problems scale (teacher form) in three stages of baseline, intervention and follow-up was used and finally data have been analyzed by using Graphic analysis and Percent of improvement methods. Findings: The results of percent of improvement of three references after treatment demonstrated a significant reduction in their scores in Rutter behavioral problems scale that, continued during the one-month follow-up. Conclusion: It can be concluded from research findings that teaching religion-based spiritual concepts has a significant positive effect on reducing children's behavioral problems.
Ebrahim Naeimi; a s; f d
Abstract
This research investigates the impact of training positive thinking skills with emphasis on religious teachings on resilience and vocational interest of freshman students of Chahardangeh county high schools. This Quasi-experimental research performed with a pretest/posttest control group and the statistical ...
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This research investigates the impact of training positive thinking skills with emphasis on religious teachings on resilience and vocational interest of freshman students of Chahardangeh county high schools. This Quasi-experimental research performed with a pretest/posttest control group and the statistical society includes freshman female students of Chahardangeh high schools. A total of 30 students were selected by the random sample cluster method. Half of the population was randomly classified as the test group and the remainder comprise the control group. The pretest was implemented on both groups. The test group had nine, 90 minute educational classes about positive thinking according to religious teachings. After the classes the post test was implemented. The surveys used in this research were Strong Vocational Interest short form and Conner-Davidson Resilience Scale. Collected data was analyzed with SPSS software. The results of this research indicated that 1. There are meaningful differences between two groups’ performances in resilience posttest. 2. There are meaningful differences between two groups’ performances in vocational interest posttest. In conclusion, positive thinking according to religious teachings has resulted in relative improvements in students’ resilience and relative changes in their vocational interest.
Ebrahim Naeimi; S A; r t
Abstract
The aim of this research was to study the relationship between academic self-efficacy with self concept and critical thinking in students. The target population consisted of all girl students, who were studying in elementary and high school grades in Tehran city in the academic year of 2015 and 2016. ...
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The aim of this research was to study the relationship between academic self-efficacy with self concept and critical thinking in students. The target population consisted of all girl students, who were studying in elementary and high school grades in Tehran city in the academic year of 2015 and 2016. The sample was chosen among the elementary school and high school students which were in the second region of Tehran city. They were selected randomly by multi-level cluster sampling method and consisted of 190 students. The data were gathered by 3 questionnaires including academic self-efficacy questionnaire of Jing and Morgan, self concept and California critical thinking questionnaire. Pearson correlation co-efficient was used in order to analyze the data collected. The results showed that there was no significant relationship between academic self-efficacy with self concept, academic self-efficacy with critical thinking and critical thinking with self concept.
moosa choopani; Ebrahim Naeimi
Abstract
Objective: Quality scientific research on the one hand to aim its assumptions, selection of appropriate methods and principles of scientific research On the other hand, the quality of scientific research is that the researcher in the process of formulating and implementing research projects, their responsibilities ...
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Objective: Quality scientific research on the one hand to aim its assumptions, selection of appropriate methods and principles of scientific research On the other hand, the quality of scientific research is that the researcher in the process of formulating and implementing research projects, their responsibilities with respect to research ethics are understood and adhered to its principles. This study aimed to look at the quality of students and faculty commitment to ethical _ Scientific it was done. Method: In this study, sampling, purposive sampling method took place. In this way, the number of 80 students of the Masters, where various universities in Tehran in 1394 in various scientific disciplines, were studying were selected. For Collecting data of semi-structured interviews were used and data were analyzed using the phenomenological approach. Findings: Analysis of data from interviews was to identify 40 basic code per person (A total of 3033 primary code 80), the following 61 themes and 13 main. Result: Based on the findings of this study can be concluded that students' familiarity with ethics and scientific research and research misdeeds at high level but their commitment to the observance of these principles is the very low level, Considering the results of the research can be said to have some specific patterns of scientific and moral commitment as well as fear of external factors can cause preventive the behavior of non-compliance with the principles of research ethics and it seems that for
Ebrahim Naeimi; somaye kazemian
Ebrahim Naeimi; Seyyed Sadrodin Shariati
Abstract
Marital life is one of the most globalized institutes of human being, formed by two persons with different capacities and talents, different needs and interests, in a word different personalities. Achieving an intact family apparently relies on marital life health and favorable relationship between couple. ...
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Marital life is one of the most globalized institutes of human being, formed by two persons with different capacities and talents, different needs and interests, in a word different personalities. Achieving an intact family apparently relies on marital life health and favorable relationship between couple. Therefore, making couple’s life healthy will surely lead to positive effects. In present research, using two research methods (conceptual analyze and hermeneutic) researcher intends to understand the subject being studied (gender attributes) well, using qualitative method potentials and to provide characteristics of a conflict-solving pattern for couple based gender attributes. Population of the research was equal with sampling. The question of this research includes: 1- what is gender attributes in women and men? 2- what is counseling pattern based on gender attributes. The results showed two general perspective and 8 sub perspective that ends to a pattern from Quran views. In this pattern, there is conflict resources, conflict signs and conflict resolution styles based on beliefs as central principles.
moosa choopani; Ebrahim Naeimi; sadreddin shariati
Abstract
Objective: This study examined the effectiveness of eight educational principles of Prophet Mohammad on the social development of children 5 to 6 years old.The present study was experimental with pretest-posttest control group. The population of this study consisted of all families with children 5 to ...
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Objective: This study examined the effectiveness of eight educational principles of Prophet Mohammad on the social development of children 5 to 6 years old.The present study was experimental with pretest-posttest control group. The population of this study consisted of all families with children 5 to 6 years old in an urban area of 1,500 families composed of a city in Northwest of Iran (Shahindezh. By using simple random sampling (by lottery) 100 households were selected as the sample of the study. Then, they were informed of the purpose of the study, 48 families were willing to cooperate and participate in the study. Later, the subjects were randomly divided into two groups, with 20 families in each group. Then, eight of Prophet Mohammad’s training in eight sessions was taught to parents in experimental group and they were asked to teach the lessons to their children. However, the control group received no intervention. Vineland Social Maturity Scale was used before and after the intervention to collect data for the study.Results:. The educational lessons based on eight educational principles of Prophet enhance social development of 5 to 6 year-old children.Conclusion: Considering the importance of the early years of life and the family environment on child development in different aspects of cognitive, physical, emotional, social and religious culture with an emphasis on Iranian society and the influence of people from religious teachings, the program training can be used to create, improve and flourish the social development of children.
