FATEMEH BAGHERI; zeynab khanjani; touraj hashemi
Abstract
The main aim of this research is to compare attentional bias toward threat among children with signs of internalizing and externalizing disorders. First, we offend the CBCL questionnaire to 700 parents who had an 11-12-year-old son. This questionnaire was done at primary school in the Tabriz area.80 ...
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The main aim of this research is to compare attentional bias toward threat among children with signs of internalizing and externalizing disorders. First, we offend the CBCL questionnaire to 700 parents who had an 11-12-year-old son. This questionnaire was done at primary school in the Tabriz area.80 kids were chosen from this population who suffered from depression, anxiety, ADHD and aggression. We chose 20 students for each logical disorder. Then we used a computer test named: DOT-PROB in order to check out attentional bias among these students. The researchers showed that attentional bias toward threat among kids suffering from depression is different from those who have signs of aggression another finding of these research show differences between attentional bias toward threat between children with signs of anxiety and ADHD. In addition, we didn't realize any special difference between attentional bias toward threat among children who have signs of anxiety and those with signs of aggression. Also, we didn't find any special differences in attentional bias toward threat between children who have signs of depression and children with signs of ADHD.
Fatemeh Eslahi farshami; Ali Asghar Asgharnejad Farid; Khadijeh Abolmoali Alhosseini; javad khalatbari
Abstract
The present study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of mindfulness training based metaphors of Molavi's Masnavi on components of psychological capital among depressed female students. In this study, to extract the metaphors of Molavi's Masnavi, directional qualitative content analysis and ...
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The present study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of mindfulness training based metaphors of Molavi's Masnavi on components of psychological capital among depressed female students. In this study, to extract the metaphors of Molavi's Masnavi, directional qualitative content analysis and quantitative content analysis were used with MAXQDA software. The identified codes were validated by coders' reliability method by 5 psychologists who were approved with a degree of agreement of 0.85% and were replaced in the mindfulness protocol. In terms of data collection techniques, the research method was quasi-experimental with pre-test-post-test with a control group and one-month follow-up. The statistical population included 195 female students who were psychology students of Chalous branch in 2019-2020 academic year. Forty students were selected through purposive sampling method that achieved high scores in Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups (20 people in each group). The content of mindfulness therapy sessions based on metaphors of Molavi's Masnavi was performed in 8 sessions of 90 minutes for the experimental group. Data analysis was performed using SPSS-22 software and mixed analysis of variance method. The results of statistical analysis showed that there was a significant difference (p <0.05) between the mean components of psychological capital (self-efficacy, resiliency, hope and optimism) in the experimental and control groups and also maintained its status in a one-month follow-up. Thus, it can be concluded that mindfulness therapy- based metaphors of Molavi's Masnavi improves the psychological capital of depressed female students.
zahra savadi; bahman bahmani; ali zadehmohammadi
Abstract
Background: Parental bereavement after loss of a child is often more profound and prolonged than grief experienced in other context of other losses and associated with an increased risk for long-term psychological and physical morbidities. Aim: To explore the effectiveness of “unity-oriented psychology ...
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Background: Parental bereavement after loss of a child is often more profound and prolonged than grief experienced in other context of other losses and associated with an increased risk for long-term psychological and physical morbidities. Aim: To explore the effectiveness of “unity-oriented psychology concepts instruction” on reducing depression and increasing spiritual well-being in bereaved mothers. Method: A single-subject study was conducted on three bereaved mothers who lost their children to cancer in Mahak hospital during last 6 to 12 months ago. Each person participated in six (90-minute) individual session of the unity-oriented psychology concepts instruction. Data were collected the using the questionnaire of Beck depression inventory-II and spiritual well-being scale( Paloutzian & Ellison 1982) for eight times( three times at the baseline phase, three times at the intervention phase, and two times at the follow-up phase). The collected data were analyzed by indicators of process changes and calculate the recovery percentage. Results: The results showed a significant decrease on depression and increase on spiritual well-being compared to the baseline and the most amount of decrease and increase was observed in final intervention session. Conclusions: considering the effectiveness of the “unity-oriented psychology concepts instruction” on reducing depression and increasing spiritual well-being in bereaved mothers, this intervention can be used to alleviate the psychological pain in this group.
mohammadnabi salehi; kioumars beshlideh
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of holographic reprocessing therapy on cognitive flexibility, affective control and social adjustment on depressive patients with attempted suicide in ilam city. The research method This experimental study was conducted based on a pre-posttest ...
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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of holographic reprocessing therapy on cognitive flexibility, affective control and social adjustment on depressive patients with attempted suicide in ilam city. The research method This experimental study was conducted based on a pre-posttest design with a control group. The statistical population of this study included all depressed patients who attempted suicide in Ilam during 2018. In total 30 participants were selected through a simple random sampling and assigned randomly into experimental and control groups. The data were collected using Cognitive Flexibility Scale (Denis and Vendoral), Affective Control (Williams & Chambles), Social Adjustment (Bell) and Holographic Reprocessing Therapy Package (Katz). The results of multivariate analysis of covariance showed that was a statistically significant difference between cognitive flexibility, affective control and social adjustment in the experimental group (holographic reprocessing therapy) and the control group (F = 70.502, P <0.000). The results of ANCOVA test also showed that holographic reprocessing therapy in the experimental group increased cognitive flexibility (F = 304/338, P <0.000), affective control (F = 1047/377, P <0.000) and social adjustment (F = 1725/3225 / P <0.000) in the depressed patients who attempted suicide. According to the results of this study, holographic reprocessing therapy can be used to treat depression disorders and intervention in critical situations such as suicide attempt.
s g; akbar atadokht
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of perceived stress and alexithymia in predicting depression and suicidal thoughts in Women with addicted spouses. The present study was a descriptive-correlational study. 124 The woman with addicted spouse was available sampling method. The data ...
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of perceived stress and alexithymia in predicting depression and suicidal thoughts in Women with addicted spouses. The present study was a descriptive-correlational study. 124 The woman with addicted spouse was available sampling method. The data were collected using Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20), Perceived stress scale, Beck depression inventory-II)BDI-II( and Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation (BSSI) analyzed by SPSS-20 software, Pearson correlation coefficient and stepwise regression analysis. The findings of the present study showed that perceived stress and alexithymia can predict depression and suicidal thoughts in Women with addicted spouses. Perceived stress and alexithymia are factors contributing to the depression and suicidal ideation of Women with addicted spouses who can be considered in prevention programs for these psychological and social disorders.The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of perceived stress and alexithymia in predicting depression and suicidal thoughts in Women with addicted spouses. The present study was a descriptive-correlational study. 124 The woman with addicted spouse was available sampling method. The data were collected using Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20), Perceived stress scale, Beck depression inventory-II)BDI-II( and Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation (BSSI) analyzed by SPSS-20 software, Pearson correlation coefficient and stepwise regression analysis. The findings of the present study showed that perceived stress and alexithymia can predict depression and suicidal thoughts in Women with addicted spouses.
reza mirarab razi; maryam talebi; alireza badele
Abstract
Quran music: Effective strategy in reducing depressive symptoms and Increasing Academic Self-Efficacy on dormitory students Abstract Aim: The main goal of this research was to assess the effect of the holy Quran music on dormitory student’s depression. Method: using an experimental pretest- posttest- ...
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Quran music: Effective strategy in reducing depressive symptoms and Increasing Academic Self-Efficacy on dormitory students Abstract Aim: The main goal of this research was to assess the effect of the holy Quran music on dormitory student’s depression. Method: using an experimental pretest- posttest- follow up with control group design, 40 dormitory students from Allameh Tabataba’i university that their depression level were more than average according to the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)’s and Bandura Self-Efficacy Questionnaire score distribution selected and assigned to experimental (n=20) and control group (n=20) randomly. Experimental group listened to specific Quran Soreh (Rad, Shamsh and Maedeh) with the voice of Abdolbaset and Mostafa Esmaiel in 20 days (each day 20 minutes in two 10 minutes shifts), whereas control group have not been received any manipulation. The degree of two group depression was assessed after 20 days and two-month later. Also by conducting a self-efficacy questionnaire, the effect of the holy Quran music was also measured. Results: The results of analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) showed significant reduction in experimental group’s depression. The result of paired T test indicated that effectiveness of the holy Quran voice has been maintained Discussion: As increase self-efficacy the finding of current research supports the important of spirituality based therapies and religious therapy in curing psychological problems. Keywords: holy Quran, Quran music, Depression, Academic self-efficacy, dormitory students
Mohammad Hosien Salarifar; Mansour Salehi; Zinab Syarfard
Abstract
Abstract Major depressive disorder is one of the most common mental disorders. Depression is associated with hopelessness, helplessness and organized cognitive errors in thought. Suicide is a major public health problem and Suicide rates are rising among societies. For this reason, finding the predictor ...
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Abstract Major depressive disorder is one of the most common mental disorders. Depression is associated with hopelessness, helplessness and organized cognitive errors in thought. Suicide is a major public health problem and Suicide rates are rising among societies. For this reason, finding the predictor and effective factors in depression is so important. This survey is to assess the relationship of religious metacognition with depression and suicidal thoughts. The research method of this study is a correlation. The study population consisted of students of The University of Birjand in the year 1398. The participants were selected via a random cluster sampling method (n=205). Participants completed the questionaries’ of religious metacognition (Salarifar, 1398), depression (Beck et al, 1966) and suicidal thoughts (Beck, 1979). The data were analyzed with the Pearson correlation coefficient and stepwise multiple regression. The results showed, there was a significant negative correlation between depression and suicidal thoughts with religious metacognition, but depression has a positive and significant relationship with suicidal thoughts. The result of regression indicated that components of religious metacognition explained 28% of the variance of depression and 25% of the variance of the suicidal thoughts. It was found that may religious metacognition components can serve as an inhibitory mechanism with depression and suicidal thoughts. According to the results of this study, it may be concluded that with the boosting religious metacognition, the rate of depression and suicidal thought would be decreased.
yaser rezapoor; maryam zakeri
Abstract
The purpose of present study was to investigate the effectiveness of holographic reprocessing therapy on the meaning in life, fear of negative evaluation and rumination of depressed women. This was a multiple baseline single-case study design. Tow depressed women who referred to social emergency center ...
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The purpose of present study was to investigate the effectiveness of holographic reprocessing therapy on the meaning in life, fear of negative evaluation and rumination of depressed women. This was a multiple baseline single-case study design. Tow depressed women who referred to social emergency center of Badroud city participated to the study and received 12 sessions holographic reprocessing therapy. Two weeks before the intervention, both of participants answer to meaning in life questionnaire (Steger & et al, 2006), fear of negative evaluation scale (Leary, 1983) and Ruminative response scale (Nolen-Hoeksema & Morrow, 1991). Also, the participants answered to thes questionnaire one day before the first session, as well as in the fourth, eighth and and twelfth intervention sessions and finally one month after the end of the sessions as follow up. The data were analyzed using graph analysis, improvement percentile rank and reliable change index. The findings showed that there were significant clinically and statistically improvement in The findings showed that there were significant clinically and statistically decrease in rumination of the participants after treatment. After two months of follow-up, differences were also maintained, indicating the sustainability of the therapeutic effects. According to the results, it can be concluded that holographic reprocessing therapy has significant effect on the meaning in life, fear of negative evaluation and rumination of depressed women was.
sajad roientan; Shahdokht azadi; homayon afshin; Dr.naser amini
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of combination therapy based on acceptance, commitment and hope in improving quality of life in patients with cancer in Yasuj. The research method is a semi-experimental design with pre-test and post-test design with two experimental and control groups. ...
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The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of combination therapy based on acceptance, commitment and hope in improving quality of life in patients with cancer in Yasuj. The research method is a semi-experimental design with pre-test and post-test design with two experimental and control groups. The statistical population of this study included 100 cancer patients who were admitted to Yasuj Shahid Beheshti Hospitals in the 3rd month of 1396 and the first two months of 2018and have clinical records. In a simple random sampling, 30 patients between the ages of 19 and 55 years were selected for chemotherapy in the center and divided into two groups of 15 subjects. In this study, there was no limited type of cancer, and the criteria for entering the study were as follows: being alert, aged 19 to 55 years, definite diagnosis of cancer with the approval of a specialist physician, at least once, treatment with chemotherapy drugs, and for data collection and analysis. Life expectancy inventory and covariance analysis were used. The findings of the study showed that combination therapy based on acceptance, commitment, and hope of health in improving the quality of life in Yasuj is significant level for confirming the hypothesis of P <0.5.
hussein skandari; Abdolamir Gatezadeh; ahmad borjali; faramarz sohrabi; n f
Abstract
Background: Recently, especially in developed countries, the relationship between lifestyle and various diseases has attracted the attention of many professionals. One of the pillars of the community health assessment is, psychological and social health of the community. Objective: The purpose of this ...
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Background: Recently, especially in developed countries, the relationship between lifestyle and various diseases has attracted the attention of many professionals. One of the pillars of the community health assessment is, psychological and social health of the community. Objective: The purpose of this study was to clarify of depression on lifestyle with social health and quality of life and has been fitted. Method: The study population consisted of all adults in Ahvaz. People in a multistage random cluster sampling, 383 were selected. Research data in this study were collected by using a health promoting lifestyle questionnaire Walker and Plyrky (1987), Keynesian social health (2004), the World Health Organization quality of life (1989) and beck depression (1996). Research hypotheses were confirmed by using Pearson correlation path analysis and modeling. Findings: The results confirmed the model's hypotheses, Lifestyle has a direct effect on depression and lifestyle through the mediation of social health and quality of life had an indirect effect on depression. Conclusion: According to the results of research to explain the depression can be used from lifestyles and social health and quality of life.
mohammad khaledian; faramarz sohrabi; askar asghri gangi; zahra karami
Abstract
The present study aimed to compare the efficacy of two types of group behavioral-cognitive therapy and group logo therapy on reducing depression and increasing life expectancy in the empty nest syndrome in the city of Ghorveh. The universe under study included all men and women of the city of Ghorveh ...
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The present study aimed to compare the efficacy of two types of group behavioral-cognitive therapy and group logo therapy on reducing depression and increasing life expectancy in the empty nest syndrome in the city of Ghorveh. The universe under study included all men and women of the city of Ghorveh whose children had either left them or got separated from them .A sample size of 36 people was selected by the sampling method in access. Then, people were randomly divided in three groups (Two experimental groups and one control group). An experimental group received 10 group logo therapy sessions, the second experimental group received 13 behavioral-cognitive psychotherapy sessions while the control group received no intervention. To collect data, the Beck BDI-II depression questionnaire and Snider et al life expectancy questionnaire were used. This research is quasi experimental including pretest and posttest with the control group. To analyze data, the descriptive and inferential statistics (Covariance analysis test) were applied. Findings revealed that behavioral cognitive therapy is effective in reducing depression while logo therapy is found to be more effective in increasing life expectancy. It is concluded that both types of group behavioral-cognitive therapy and group logo therapy are effective in reducing depression and increasing life expectancy in the empty nest syndrome.
faramarz sohrabi; afsaneh darabi; nahid rastgoo; yosof azami
Abstract
The goal of this study was to describe the mediating role of early maladaptive schemas in relation of attachment styles and depression. The sample group in this study included 300 students from Amir Kabir and Allameh Tbatbaii university in 2012-2013 year. Data were gathered through the application of ...
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The goal of this study was to describe the mediating role of early maladaptive schemas in relation of attachment styles and depression. The sample group in this study included 300 students from Amir Kabir and Allameh Tbatbaii university in 2012-2013 year. Data were gathered through the application of three scales: Beck depression scale, Young Schema questionnaire short form (SQ - SF) and adult attachment style (AAI). The results of the path analysis test showed the mediating role of early maladaptive schemas in relation of attachment styles and depression. This analysis illustrated that secure and insecure attachment styles, both in a direct and indirect way, had a significant role in depression. The rate of the direct effect of secure attachment style on depression was -0/17 (p value <0/05) and the rate of the indirect variable through early maladaptive schemas was -0/46 (p value <0/05). Also, the rate of the direct effect of ambivalent and avoidant insecure attachment style on depression was 0/14 و 0/06 (p value <0/05) and rate of the indirect effect of these two variables through early maladaptive schemas was 0/104 و 0/14 (p value<0/05). Therefore the findings of this study showed that attachment styles through early maladaptive schemas make depression.
bita ajilchi; hasan ahadi
Abstract
Background and Objective: Recent studies show that depressed people have an attention bias to negative stimuli. Therefore, the present study was carried out to compare attention bias in depressed and normal people. Method: The present research was an analysis study with a causal- comparative method. ...
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Background and Objective: Recent studies show that depressed people have an attention bias to negative stimuli. Therefore, the present study was carried out to compare attention bias in depressed and normal people. Method: The present research was an analysis study with a causal- comparative method. The statistical population included all the depressed individuals who had referred to a psychological clinic in Tehran. Using convenience sampling method and carrying out the Beck Depression Inventory as well as the unstructured interview with DSMIV criteria, 30 depressed individuals (cut-off point 21 and higher) were selected as the patient group, and then were compared to 30 normal people, as the control group, in terms of sex, age, marriage status, and education levels as compare group. Finally, the computer-based neurological test of Dot- Probe (emotional faces stimuli) was performed on the subjects of both groups. Results: The data were analyzed using t-test to examine the extent of matching between the two groups, and the multivariate analysis of covariance (MANOVA) was applied to study attention bias in the two groups. The results showed that there was a difference of time speed between the two groups; i.e. the depressed group acted slower in responding to incongruent stimuli. However, there was no significant difference in accuracy of the responds. Conclusion: The findings imply the role of depression severity in exacerbating attention bias in depressed people, and also the necessity to apply treatment methods or to use attention bias modification in depressed individuals
atefeh ahmadi; faramarz sohrabi
Abstract
The present research aims to study the effect of teaching self-talk management on decreasing the depression rate among students. Using cluster random sampling method, 30 female high school students suffering from depression were selected from among the high school students of the city of Arak. They were ...
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The present research aims to study the effect of teaching self-talk management on decreasing the depression rate among students. Using cluster random sampling method, 30 female high school students suffering from depression were selected from among the high school students of the city of Arak. They were randomly put in two groups of control and experiment. The experiment group, which consisted of 15 subjects, was instructed self-talk management in 10 sessions and the control group, which consisted of 15 subjects, did not receive any training. The data were collected using the Beck Depression Questionnaire (long form) in which the sample population obtained the score of 10 (cut-off point) or higher scores. The questionnaire was applied as the pre-test and post-test. The independent t-test was used to analyze the data and calculate the differences in pre-test and post-test scores. The results confirmed the hypothesis of the research that teaching self-talk management is effective in decreasing the depression rate among students. The effect of the independent variable caused a distinctive difference in the average scores of the two groups
elham aghaei; somaye jamali
Abstract
In recent years, psychologists and psychiatrists sought to evaluate and compare the validity and efficiency of psychological interventions and medicinal treatments in the field of depression disorder. In this regard, by integrating the results of different studies, meta-analysis determines the level ...
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In recent years, psychologists and psychiatrists sought to evaluate and compare the validity and efficiency of psychological interventions and medicinal treatments in the field of depression disorder. In this regard, by integrating the results of different studies, meta-analysis determines the level of the effect of treatment methods. This study aims at investigating into the level of the effect of psychological interventions and medicinal treatments on reducing depression symptoms using the meta-analysis model. For this purpose, 65 methodologically acceptable studies were selected and the meta-analysis method was applied. The research tool used in this study is the meta-analysis checklist. The level of the effect of psychological interventions on reducing depression symptoms is found to be d=0/47 (P< 0/0001) which is considered an average level according to Cohen’s table. The level of the effect of medicinal treatments is d=0/62 (P< 0/0001), which is higher than average based on the above mentioned table. Therefore it seems that medicinal treatments along with psychological interventions can be applied as appropriate treatments for individuals suffering from depression symptoms.
saeid tabatabaeibarzaki; faramarz sohrabi
Abstract
This study aims at detecting the early maladaptive schemas of depressed persons and assigning the effect of training and implementation of experiential techniques on depressed persons’ schemas. In this study, random cluster sampling was used and depression subscale, from 21- question-scale of depression, ...
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This study aims at detecting the early maladaptive schemas of depressed persons and assigning the effect of training and implementation of experiential techniques on depressed persons’ schemas. In this study, random cluster sampling was used and depression subscale, from 21- question-scale of depression, anxiety and stress (DASS_21), was implemented to assign 30 depressed persons and 30 other persons who were not detected as depressed; Young early maladaptive schemas Questionnaire (YSQ) was then applied to both groups and T-test was implemented in order to compare both schemas. The results showed that the depressed persons’ schemas of deficit, failure, dependence/incompetence, social isolation and emotional deprivation were higher than those of persons who were not depressed. At the second stage of this study, two groups were selected from depressed persons including a controlling group (10 persons) and a test group (10 persons). The test group was trained with the experiential techniques of schema therapy. Using Young questionnaire, the schemas of two groups were reanalyzed after the completion of the training period. The produced data was then compared through the application of Levin Test and covariance analysis; the results revealed that the schemas of the test group were improved in comparison to those of controlling group who were not subjected to the training of experiential techniques.
naser yosefi
Abstract
This study is aimed at investigating the effect of religious-based cognitive therapy and logotherapy on reducing the depression, anxiety, and aggression symptoms in university students. The statistical population consists of all students referring to the Consultation Center at Kurdistan University in ...
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This study is aimed at investigating the effect of religious-based cognitive therapy and logotherapy on reducing the depression, anxiety, and aggression symptoms in university students. The statistical population consists of all students referring to the Consultation Center at Kurdistan University in Sanandaj, out of whom 90 were selected via random sampling. By applying SCL-90-R test, the level of aggression, depression, and anxiety of the participants is measured and they are randomly divided into three groups (30 subjects in each group). Thus, three groups, namely religious-based cognitive therapy, logotherapy and controlled groups are formed. The SCL-90-R scale is employed to measure the level of the above said symptoms in pre-test, post-test and follow-up stages. The results show that both religious-based cognitive therapy and Logotherapy reduce symptoms of aggression, anxiety, and depression of students and their effect is permanent in the follow-up stage. Also, no significant relation is found between the said two therapies. However, religious- based cognitive therapy is more effective in reducing depression symptoms compared with logotherapy.
zahra behjati; mahmood khabaz
Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of the present study was to investigate and compare the affective working memory in depressed and non-depressed women. Methods: Using purposive sampling method, twenty seven depressed women were selected and matched by age & education with 27 non- depressed women. Data was collected ...
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Purpose: The purpose of the present study was to investigate and compare the affective working memory in depressed and non-depressed women. Methods: Using purposive sampling method, twenty seven depressed women were selected and matched by age & education with 27 non- depressed women. Data was collected by the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the n-back task and were analyzed using paired sample t-test. Results: Results indicated a weaker function in working memory task for depressed subjects compared to the non-depressed group (p<0.05). Although depressed individuals respond to positive stimuli significantly less than non-depressed people(p<0.05), there is no significant difference between two groups in responding to negative stimuli (p>0.05). Discussion: Limited working memory resources, lack of initiative, inability to prevent irrelevant information and rumination were discussed as causes of deficits on working memory task performance in depressed people.
faramarz sohrabi; hasan karimi
Abstract
Depression is a common symptom in many older adults. The degree of depression is high between older adults living in sanitarium than older adults those living in the society. Moreover, the amount of this disorder is higher between females than males. Reminiscence therapy is a psychological intervention ...
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Depression is a common symptom in many older adults. The degree of depression is high between older adults living in sanitarium than older adults those living in the society. Moreover, the amount of this disorder is higher between females than males. Reminiscence therapy is a psychological intervention which is specifically designed to address the issues of particular relevance to older adults such as depression. The aim of this study was to examine the therapeutic effectiveness of integrative and instrumental type of reminiscence for the treatment of depression in institutionalized older adults’ women in Kermanshah. This study was experimental one with a pretest and posttest control group design. Institutionalized older adults’ women with mild, moderate to severe symptom constituted the sample. They were randomly assigned into three groups containing two experimental (instrumental and integrative reminiscence) and one control group (active social group).The intervention were implemented in a short-time group format. For each group six sessions were applied. Each session was held minutes weekly. The instruments were Geriatric Depression Scale (GDP) and Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE). The collected data were analyzed through analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results showed that integrative and instrumental reminiscence therapies led to significant reduction in symptoms of depression (P ).The difference between two experimental groups were not however statistically significant. Based on the findings of this study, it can be concluded that integrative and instrumental therapy can be applied along with current therapies
