The transition from the role of a couple to a parent is one of the most difficult transitions in the family life cycle, which affects the entire family structure by changing the roles of family. the most important turning point in the family life cycle. The transition period to parenthood is a period of challenges The purpose of this research examine the challenges faced by couples and their spouses' families during the transition to parenthood, i.e. from the decision to pregnancy to the child's infancy. The research was carried out using a qualitative method and 12 mothers were selected and participated in the purposeful and snowball sampling method. In this research, a semi-structured interview was used, and the data were analyzed using the Colaizzi's method. challenges faced by couples and their spouses' families during this period were categorized in the form of 7 main themes and 28 sub-themes: challenges from pregnancy to delivery, challenges of the mother after childbirth, health and child health challenges, the challenge of respecting boundaries and privacy, the challenge Imposition and coercion, the challenge of the wife's family with the groom, the challenge of the groom with the wife's family. Based on the findings of the research, it seems that the training and preparation of couples and families to enter the parenting period can greatly contribute to the improvement and health of the couple's relationship with their spouse's family, and as a result, increase the satisfaction of the couple and the mental health of the society.