Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 allame tabatabaei university

2 Counselling, associate professor, faculty of psychology & educational science, Allameh Tabataba'i University, Tehran, Iran

3 دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی

Abstract

Internal working model is the most essential concept in attachment theory that explain adult romantic behavior in marital relationships. This study aimed to compare internal working models between low conflict and high conflict couples in Tehran. The samples include 100 low conflict persons and 100 high conflict persons in marital relationships that were randomly selected. The research’s tools were Internal Working Model Questionary (IMWQ) that was made by researcher, and Marital Conflicts Questionary (MCQ). Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA), LSD incidental test, and discriminant analysis were used for analysis of the research’s data. The results showed that there is significant difference (p<0/01) between the profiles of internal working models’ components of low conflict and high conflict persons. Also the results indicated that each component of internal working model between low conflict and high conflict persons was significantly different (p<0/01). The discriminant analysis showed that it’s possible to predicate group membership of persons in successful and unsuccessful groups, with 99/5% probability. Then according to findings low conflict couples have secure memories, attitudes, needs, and strategies while high conflicts couples have unsecure memories, attitudes, needs, and strategies.

Keywords

ابوالقاسمی، سمیه؛ ابوالقاسمی، عباس؛ کافی ماسوله، موسی و سلطانی شال، رضا. (1399). تأثیر آموزش مهارت‌های حل مسئله و تصمیم‌گیری بر کنترل عواطف زنان دارای تعارض زناشویی. زن و مطالعات خانواده. 13 (49): 29-45
خدادادی سنگده، جواد (1400). شناسایی دلایل شکل گیری تعارض زناشویی در دوران عقد. فصلنامه فرهنگ مشاوره و روان درمانی. 12 (48). 25-54.
رجبی، غلامرضا؛ موسویان نژاد، خلیل؛ تقی پور، منوچهر. (1393). رابطة سبک‌های دلبستگی با هوش هیجانی و تعارض زناشویی در معلمان زن متأهل. دوفصلنامه مشاوره کاربردی. 4 (1). 49-66.
شیخ، مهدی؛ احمدی، خدابخش؛ و سرابندی، حسن. (1391). رابطة سبک دلبستگی زوجین با رضایت زناشویی در خانواده‌های نظامی. فصلنامه روان‌شناسی نظامی. 3 (11). 41-52.
فارسانی، ذبیح الله کاوه؛ و مهدیه، عارفه (1399). واکاوی راهبردهای زوجین در مواجهه با تعارضات زناشویی. فصلنامه خانواده پژوهی. 16 (61). 77-95.
محمدشارونی، رضوان؛ شکری، امید؛ حسیت زاده تقوایی، مرجان؛ دانش، عصت؛ برجعلی، احمد (1399). الگوی روابط ساختاری تعارض زناشویی در رابزه با سبک‌های دلبستگی و خودشیفتگی و هیجان خواهی با دلزدگی در زوجین مراجعه کننده به مراکز مشاوره. مجله مطالعات ناتوانی. 10 (23). 1-8.
A’yun, Q. (2021).Psychoeducational Interventions on Conflict Resolution Styles among Individuals Involved in Commuter Marriages Journal of Innovation and Community Engagement (Journal of ICE).2 (2).101-110.
Bartholomew, K., & Horowitz, L. M. (1991). Attachment styles among young adults: A test of a four-category model. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,61, 226–244.
Beck, J. S. (1995). Cognitive therapy: Basics and beyond. New York: Guilford
 Becky,  B. (2021).Review of Insecure Attachment, Emotional Loneliness, and Alexithymia. Symposium Of University Research and Creative Expression (SOURCE). 85. https: //digitalcommons.cwu.edu/source/2021/COTS/85
Bowlby, J. (1969). Attachment and loss: vol. 1. New York: Basic Books.
Bowlby, J. (1980). Loss: sadness and depression. New York, NY: Basic Books.
Bradley, S. J. (2000). Ajfect regulation and the development of psychopathology. New York: Guilford Press.
Brelherton, I, (1996). Internal working models of attachment relationships as related to resilient coping. In G, G, Noam & K. W, Fischer (Eds,) , Development and vulnerability in close relationships (pp. 3-27). Mahwah, NJ: Eribaum.
Bretherton, I. (1985). Attachment theory: Retrospect and prospect. Monographs ofthe Society for Research in Child Development, 50, 3–35.
Cameron, J. J., & Granger, S. (2019). Does self-esteem have an interpersonal imprint beyond self-reports? A meta-analysis of self-esteem and objective interpersonal indicators. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 23 (1) , 73–102.
Cassidy, J. (2008). The nature of the child’s ties. In J. Cassidy and  P. R. Shaver (Eds.) , Handbook of attachment: theory, research, and clinical applications (pp. 3-23). New York: Guilford Press.
Cassidy, J. and  Shaver, P. R. (2016). Handbook of Attachment Theory, Research, and Clinical Applications Third Edition. New York: Guilford Press.
Castro, R. M., Pereira, D. I. F. (2019). Education and Attachment: Guidelines to Prevent School Failure. Multimodal Technol. Interact. 3, 10; doi: 10.3390/mti3010010
Chen, B. B. (2017). Parent-adolescent attachment and academic adjustment: The mediating role of self-worth. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 26 (8) , 2070–2076.
Cohen, O., katz, M (2015). Grief and growth of bereaved siblings as related to attachment style and flexibility. Deth Study. Jan-Jun 2015;39 (1-5): 158-64.  doi: 10.1080/07481187.2014.923069. Epub 2015 Feb 26.
Collins, N. L., & Read, S. J. (1990). Adult attachment, working models, and relationship quality in dating couples. Journal of Personality and Social  pychology,58, 644–663.
Collins, N. L., & Read, S. J. (1994). Cognitive representations of attachment: Thestructure and function of working models. In K. Bartholomew & D. Perlman (Eds.) , Advances in personal relationships: Vol. 5. Attachment processes in adulthood. (pp. 53–90). London: Kingsley.
Consoli, N., Wagner, B. J., & Marin, A. H. (2018). Laços de afeto: as repercussões do estilo de apego primário e estabelecido entre casais no ajustamento conjugal. Avances en Psicología Latinoamericana, 36 (2) , 315-329. http: //dx.doi.org/10.12804/revistas.urosario.edu.co/apl/a.5409
Dicks, H. V. (1967). Marital tensions. New York: Basic Books.
Dykas, M. J., & Cassidy, J. (2011). Attachment and the processing of social information across the life span: Theory and evidence. Psychological Bulletin, 137, 19–46.
Feeney, J. A. (2003). The systemic nature of couple relationships: An attachment perspective. In P. Erdman & T. Caffery (Eds.) , Attachment and family systems: Conceptual, empirical and therapeutic relatedness (pp. 139–163). New York: Brunner/Mazel.
Feeney, J. A., & Noller, P. (1990). Attachment style as a predictor of adult romantic relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 58, 281–291.
Griffith, B. A. (2004). The structure and development of internal working models: An integrated framework for understanding clients and promoting wellness. Gournal of  Humanistic Counseling and Education and Development, 24, 163-177.
Hazan, C., & Shaver, P. (1987). Romantic love conceptualized as an attachment process. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52, 511–524.
Mikulincer, M., & Shaver, P. R. (2011). An attachment perspective on interpersonal and intergroup conflict. In J. P. Forgas, A. W. Kruglanski, & K. D. Williams (Eds.) , The psychology of social conflict and aggression (pp. 19–35). Psychology Press.
Mikulincer, M., Gillath, O., & Shaver, P. R. (2002). Activation of the attachment system in adulthood: Threat-related primes increase the accessibility of mental representations of attachment figures. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,83, 881–895.
Nichols, M. P. (1987). The self in the system: Expanding the limits of family therapy. New York: Brunner/Mazel.
Rholes, W. S, and Simpson, J. A. (2004). Adult attachment: theory, research and clinical implications. New York: Guilford Press.
 Rosalina, G.,  Tiatri, S., &  Verauli, R. (2019). Correlation Between Internal Working Model of Attachment and Marital Satisfaction of Young Adult. Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, (439) 662-670.
Rothbard, J. C., & Shaver, P. R. (1994). Continuity of attachment across the life span. In M. B. Sperling and W. H. Berman (Eds.) , Attachment in adults: Clinical and developmental perspectives (pp. 31–71). New York: Guilford Press.
   Sabelnikova, N., Kashirsky, D., & Garvard, O. (2020). Attachment and Images of Parents and of the Romantic Partner of Russian Young Men and Women.  Behav. Sci. 10, 87; doi: 10.3390/bs10050087
Sesemann, E. M., Kruse, J., Gardner, B. C., Broadbent, C. L., & Spencer, T. A. (2017). Observed attachment and self-report affect within romantic relationships. Journal of Couple & Relationship Therapy, 16 (2) , 102-121. http: //dx.doi.org/10.1080/15332691.2016.1238794
Wang, C. D., Anderson-White, E., &  Jin, J. (2020). adult attachment, maladaptive coping, alcohol consumption, and drinking-related problems. Counseling phsychology quarterly. 34 (2). https: //doi.org/10.1080/09515070.2021.1977914