Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

MA. in counseling, electronic Azad university, iran

Abstract

The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of positive cognitive-behavioral therapy on female's positive and negative affection with spouse with mental disorders in Isfahan city. The research method was a quasi-experimental design with pre-test-post-test design with control group. The statistical population included all women with spouse with mental disorder referred to counseling centers under the welfare organization of Isfahan. The sampling method was purposeful and among 30 women who were willing to cooperate in therapeutic sessions, they were assigned randomly in two groups: experimental (15) and control group (15). The experimental group received 10 sessions of positive cognitive behavioral therapy. After completion of sessions and 45 days after the follow up, they responded to the Watson et al. (1988) positive and negative affective questionnaire. The results of multivariate analysis of covariance showed that positive cognitive-behavioral therapy interventions increased positive emotional and decreased negative affect in the experimental group compared to the control group (p <0.001). In addition, this effect has been confirmed in the follow-up phase (p <0.001). Therefore, positive cognitive-behavioral interventions can be used to increase positive affection and reduce negative affection for women with spouse with mental disorders.

Keywords

Alarcon, G. M. Bowling, N. A. & Khazon, S. (2013). Great expectations: A meta-analytic examination of optimism and hope. Personality and Individual Differences, 54(7), 821-827.
Chida, Y., & Steptoe, A. (2008). “Positive psychological well-being and mortality: a quantitative review of prospective observational studies”, Psychosom Med, 70, 741–56.
Cuijpers, P., & Stam, H. (2000). Burnout among relatives of psychiatric patients attending psychoeducational support groups. Psychiatric services, 51(3), 375-379.
Frank, J. D., & Frank, J. (2004). Therapeutic components shared by all psychotherapies. New York: Springer.
Fredrickson, B. L., & Branigan, C. (2005). Positive emotions broaden the scope of attention and thoughtaction repertoires. Cognition & emotion, 19(3), 313-332.
Luthans, F., Luthans, K., & Luthans, B.C. (2004). “Positive psychological capital: Going beyond human and social capital”, Business Horizons, 47, (1), 45-50.
Lyubomirsky, S., & Layous, K. (2013). “How do simple positive activities increase wellbeing? Current Directions in Psychological Science. 22(1), 57–62.
Maj, M., & Sartorius, N. (2002). Schizophrenia, 2nd Ed. New York, John Wiley and Sons.
Maurin, JT., & Boyd, CB. (1990). “Burden of mental illness on the family: a critical review”, Archives of Psychiatric Nursing, 2, 99–107.
O’honlon, B., & Bertolino, B. (2012). The therapist’s notebook on positive psychology, New York: Routledge.
Perlick, D., & Rosenheck, R., et al. (2001). “Impact of Family Burden and Patient Symptom Status on Clinical Outcome in Bipolar Affective Disorder”, the Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 189, (1), 31-37.
Rashid, T. (2015). “Positive Psychotherapy: A strength-based approach”, The Journal of Positive Psychology, 10, 25-40.
Rashid, T. (2008). Positive Psychotherapy. In Lopez, S. J. (Ed.) Positive psychology: Exploring the best in people. Westport, CT, Greenwood Publishing Company.
Ryan, R.M., Deci, E.L. (2001). “On happiness and human potentials: A review of research on hedonic and eudemonic well-being”, Annual Review of Psychology, 52, 141-66.
Satici, S. A. (2016). Psychological vulnerability, resilience, and subjective well-being: The mediating role of hope. Personality and Individual Differences, 102, 68-73.
Schlaucg, R. C., Gwynn-Shapiro, D., Stasiewicz, P. R., Molnar, A. R., & Lang. (2013). “Affect and craving: Positive and negative affect are differentially associated with approach and avoidance inclinations”, Journal of Addictive Behaviors, 38(4), 1970–1979.
Seligman, M. E. P., Rashid. T. & Parks, A. (2006). “Positive psychotherapy”, American psychologist, 61 (8), 86-774
Snyder, C.R., & Lopez, S. J. (2007). Positive psychology: The scientific and practical explorations of human strengths. Sage publications, thousand oaks, London, new dehli.
Soltani E, Shareh H, Bahrainian A, Farmani A. (2013). “The mediating role of cognitive flexibility in correlation of coping styles and resilience with depression”, Pejouhandeh, 18(2):88-96. (Persian).
Steptoe, A., O’Donnell, K., Marmot, M., & Wardle, J. (2008). “Positive affect and psychosocial processes related to health”, British Journal of Psychology, 99, 211–227.
Taylor S, Kemeny M. (2000).  Psychological resources, positive illusions, and health. Journal of American psychology; 55(1):99-109.
Watson, D., & Tellegen, A. (1985).” Toward a consensual structure of mood”. Psychological Bulletin.98 (2), 219-235
Watson, D., Clark, L. A., & Tellegen, A. (1988).” Development and validation of a brief measure of positive and negative affect: The PANAS scales”, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54(6), 1063-1070.
Yilmaz, H., & Arslan, C. (2013). “Subjective well-being, positive and negative affect in Turkish university students”, the online Journal of Counseling and Education, 2 (2), 1-8.